Individual prevention and containment measures in schools in Catalonia, Spain, and community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 after school re-opening.
Individual prevention and containment measures in schools in Catalonia, Spain, and community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 after school re-opening.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0263741
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bassat Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alonso S;Català M;López D;Álvarez-Lacalle E;Jordan I;García-García JJ;Fumadó V;Muñoz-Almagro C;Gratacós E;Balanza N;Varo R;Millat P;Baro B;Ajanovic S;Arias S;Claverol J;de Sevilla MF;Bonet-Carne E;Garcia-Miquel A;Coma E;Medina-Peralta M;Fina F;Prats C;Bassat Q
尽管儿童对COVID-19的脆弱性明显较低，但儿童容易感染SARS-CoV-2的程度及其将感染传播给其他人的能力仍然没有得到充分的表征。我们的目标是通过比较加泰罗尼亚学校的COVID-19监测平台检测到的儿童传播率与社区水平的发病率，评估学校重新开放的作用以及学校采取的预防策略对儿童和社区传播的整体风险。对加泰罗尼亚学校在整个前三个月（2020年9月至12月）检测到的感染进行了分析，并与正在进行的社区传播和建模预测的感染人数进行了比较。在大约150万名学生中，有30，486例感染记录（2.12%），在小学和中学分别发现了54.0%和97.5%的病例。在整个第一学期，被迫接受禁闭的“气泡组”（一起活动的稳定儿童群体）的比例在1%至5%之间，几乎没有证据表明大量的校内传播是以感染链的形式出现的，所有检测到的感染中约有75%没有导致继发病例。还使用数学模型来评价与所定义的预防策略相关的不同参数（气泡群的大小、索引病例接触者所需的限制天数）的影响。计算了学校泡沫组内的有效繁殖数（R*），定义为泡沫内每个初级病例感染的同学平均数，得出小学为0.35，中学为0.55，并与数学模型的结果进行了比较，这意味着在所应用的措施的背景下，儿童的传染性降低。对相对均质月累积发病率（）进行了评估，以比较不同年龄组的流行病学动态，这一分析表明，学龄儿童感染对整个社区发病率的影响有限。于2020年秋季，在加泰罗尼亚学校发现的SARS-CoV-2感染及COVID-19病例与其所在社区的潜在社区传播密切相关，而无论潜在社区传播如何，维持学校开放似乎是安全的。这些学校的预防措施似乎有助于及早发现和迅速遏制传播，应予以维持，以确保正常的学术和面对面的学校活动充分和安全地进行。
Despite their clear lesser vulnerability to COVID-19, the extent by which children are susceptible to getting infected by SARS-CoV-2 and their capacity to transmit the infection to other people remains inadequately characterized. We aimed to evaluate the role of school reopening and the preventive strategies in place at schools in terms of overall risk for children and community transmission, by comparing transmission rates in children as detected by a COVID-19 surveillance platform in place in Catalonian Schools to the incidence at the community level. Infections detected in Catalan schools during the entire first trimester of classes (September-December 2020) were analysed and compared with the ongoing community transmission and with the modelled predicted number of infections. There were 30.486 infections (2.12%) documented among the circa 1.5M pupils, with cases detected in 54.0% and 97.5% of the primary and secondary centres, respectively. During the entire first term, the proportion of “bubble groups” (stable groups of children doing activities together) that were forced to undergo confinement ranged between 1 and 5%, with scarce evidence of substantial intraschool transmission in the form of chains of infections, and with ~75% of all detected infections not leading to secondary cases. Mathematical models were also used to evaluate the effect of different parameters related to the defined preventive strategies (size of the bubble group, number of days of confinement required by contacts of an index case). The effective reproduction number inside the bubble groups in schools (R*), defined as the average number of schoolmates infected by each primary case within the bubble, was calculated, yielding a value of 0.35 for primary schools and 0.55 for secondary schools, and compared with the outcomes of the mathematical model, implying decreased transmissibility for children in the context of the applied measures. Relative homogenized monthly cumulative incidence () was assessed to compare the epidemiological dynamics among different age groups and this analysis suggested the limited impact of infections in school-aged children in the context of the overall community incidence. During the fall of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases detected in Catalan schools closely mirrored the underlying community transmission from the neighbourhoods where they were set and maintaining schools open appeared to be safe irrespective of underlying community transmission. Preventive measures in place in those schools appeared to be working for the early detection and rapid containment of transmission and should be maintained for the adequate and safe functioning of normal academic and face-to-face school activities.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kawasuji H;Takegoshi Y;Kaneda M;Ueno A;Miyajima Y;Kawago K;Fukui Y;Yoshida Y;Kimura M;Yamada H;Sakamaki I;Tani H;Morinaga Y;Yamamoto Y
通讯作者：
Yamamoto Y
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Fukumoto K;McClean CT;Nakagawa K
通讯作者：
Nakagawa K
影响因子：
19
作者：
Heavey, Laura;Casey, Geraldine;McDarby, Geraldine
通讯作者：
McDarby, Geraldine
DOI：
10.1503/cmaj.210263
发表时间：
2021-04-26
期刊：
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bullard J;Funk D;Dust K;Garnett L;Tran K;Bello A;Strong JE;Lee SJ;Waruk J;Hedley A;Alexander D;Van Caeseele P;Loeppky C;Poliquin G
通讯作者：
Poliquin G
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Ertem, Zeynep;Schechter-Perkins, Elissa;Nelson, Richard
通讯作者：
Nelson, Richard