Assessment of acute toxicity tests and rhizotron experiments to characterize lethal and sublethal control of soil-based pests.

Assessment of acute toxicity tests and rhizotron experiments to characterize lethal and sublethal control of soil-based pests.
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评估急性毒性试验和根管实验,以表征土壤害虫的致死和亚致死控制。

DOI:
10.1002/ps.4922
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Agatz A
Agatz A
中科院分区:
农林科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Agatz A

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背景植物保护产品对土壤害虫的致死和亚致死控制具有特殊的挑战性,因为系统组件之间复杂而动态的相互作用。在这里,我们提供两种类型的研究:急性毒性实验(个体在土壤中的同质性暴露)和根管实验(个体在土壤中的异质性暴露),以考察它们加强我们对推动植物保护产品有效性的机制的理解的能力。以玉米根结线虫Diabrotica virgiferaLeConte幼虫和三种农药活性成分:氯硫氰菊酯(新烟碱)、毒死蜱(有机磷)和特氟氰菊酯(拟除虫菊酯)进行了实验。结果急性毒性试验中调用特定作用强度(EC50值)的化合物浓度顺序为毒死蜱;特氟氰菊酯;根加速器试验改变了这一顺序,因为化合物在土壤剖面中的应用类型、去向和迁移,以及对幼虫的亚致死效应也影响了它们控制幼虫取食玉米根部的效果。结论除了通过观察植物伤害对控制植物的相对变化来衡量药效外,这些试验还为药效的驱动因素提供了除急性毒性之外的机理理解。这些实验有可能加强药效测试和产品开发,并可能成为未来评估耐药性发展的有用工具。2018年中国化学工业学会
BACKGROUNDCharacterizing lethal and sublethal control of soil‐based pests with plant protection products is particularly challenging due to the complex and dynamic interplay of the system components. Here, we present two types of studies: acute toxcity experiments (homogenous exposure of individuals in soil) and rhizotron experiments (heterogeneous exposure of individuals in soil) to investigate their ability to strengthen our understanding of mechanisms driving the effectivness of the plant protection product. Experiments were conducted using larvae of the western corn rootwormDiabrotica virgiferaLeConte and three pesticide active ingredients: clothianidin (neonicotinoid), chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and tefluthrin (pyrethroid).RESULTSThe order of compound concentrations needed to invoke a specific effect intensity (EC50values) within the acute toxicity tests was chlorpyrifos > tefluthrin > clothianidin. This order changed for the rhizotron experiments because application type, fate and transport of the compounds in the soil profile, and sublethal effects on larvae also influence their effectiveness in controlling larval feeding on corn roots.CONCLUSIONBeyond the pure measurement of efficacy through observing relative changes in plant injury to control plants, the tests generate mechanistic understanding for drivers of efficacy apart from acute toxicity. The experiments have the potential to enhance efficacy testing and product development, and might be useful tools for assessing resistance development in the future. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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