Dispersion of the ras family of transforming genes to four different chromosomes in man
Dispersion of the ras family of transforming genes to four different chromosomes in man
复制标题
ras家族转化基因在人类四个不同染色体上的分散
作者：
S. O’Brien;W. Nash;Jerome L. Goodwin;D. Lowy;E. Chang
细胞转化基因（c-onc）是进化上保守的脊椎动物DNA片段，目前已通过两种不同的方法鉴定。这些细胞基因中的一组已通过其与急性转化逆转录病毒（v-onc）1-3的转化基因的密切同源性来定义。第二组，代表正常细胞基因的激活形式1，4-9，已被检测到的某些基因的能力，从动物和人类肿瘤，以诱导组织培养细胞的局部转化。对同一细胞基因可能产生逆转录病毒和肿瘤转化基因的可能性的研究表明，通过将人类肿瘤的基因组DNA转移到小鼠3 T3成纤维细胞中鉴定出的两个c-onc基因与两种密切相关的急性转化逆转录病毒的转化基因相关，哈维小鼠肉瘤病毒（HaMuSV）和克尔斯滕小鼠肉瘤病毒（KiMuSV）10-12。HaMuSV和KiMuSV的转化基因来源于称为ras的细胞onc基因家族的两个成员，ras是最初通过分析HaMuSV和KiMuSV的v-onc基因的细胞同源物发现的正常脊椎动物基因的相当不同的组13。v-Ha-ras和v-Ki-ras的四种不同的人类细胞同源物（分别命名为c-Ha-ras和c-Ki-ras）已被鉴定14;两种（c-Ha-ras-1和c-Ha-ras-2）与v-Ha-ras更密切相关，而其他（c-Ki-ras-1和c-Ki-ras-2）与v-Ki-ras更密切相关。在与逆转录病毒长末端重复序列连接时，大鼠和人的c-Ha-ras-1基因已显示通过DNA转染诱导小鼠NIH 3 T3细胞的体外转化15，16。该基因和c-Ki-ras-2也已被分离为人肿瘤中的活化转化基因10 -12。将ras基因定位在人类染色体图谱上，将极大地促进对c-ras基因和可能参与肿瘤转化的其他遗传位点的遗传关系的理解。通过对啮齿动物×人类体细胞杂交体的DNA分析，我们现在已经将每个人类基因分配到不同的染色体上。
Cellular transforming genes (c-onc) are evolutionarily conserved vertebrate DNA segments which have been identified by two different approaches. One group of these cellular genes has been defined by their close homology to the transforming genes of the acute transforming retroviruses (v-onc)1–3. The second group, which represent activated forms of normal cellular genes1,4–9, has been detected by the ability of certain genes from animal and human tumours to induce focal transformation of tissue culture cells. Investigation of the possibility that the same cellular gene might have given rise to both a retroviral and a tumour transforming gene revealed that two of the c-onc genes identified by transfecting genomic DNA from human tumours to murine 3T3 fibroblasts were related to the transforming genes of two closely related acute transforming retroviruses, Harvey murine sarcoma virus (HaMuSV) and Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMuSV)10–12. The transforming genes of HaMuSV and KiMuSV are derived from two members of a cellular onc gene family called ras, which is a rather divergent group of normal vertebrate genes originally found by analysis of the cellular homologues of the v-onc genes of HaMuSV and KiMuSV13. Four distinct human cellular homologues of v-Ha-ras and v-Ki-ras (designated c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras, respectively) have been characterized14; two (c-Ha-ras-1 and c-Ha-ras-2) are more closely related to v-Ha-ras, while the others (c-Ki-ras-1 and c-Ki-ras-2) are more closely related to v-Ki-ras. On ligation with a retroviral long terminal repeat, the c-Ha-ras-1 gene of both rat and human have been shown to induce in vitro transformation of mouse NIH 3T3 cells by DNA transfection15,16. This gene and c-Ki-ras-2 have also been isolated as activated transforming genes in human tumours10–12. An understanding of the genetic relationship of the c-ras genes and additional genetic loci possibly involved in neoplastic transformation would be greatly facilitated by placement of the ras genes on the human chromosome map. Using DNA analysis of rodent×human somatic cell hybrids, we have now assigned each of the human genes to a different chromosome.
人类 c-Ki-ras2 原癌基因位于 12 号染色体上。
DOI：
10.1126/science.6823569
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sakaguchi,AY;Naylor,SL;Shows,TB;Toole,JJ;McCoy,M;Weinberg,RA
通讯作者：
Weinberg,RA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.80.2.383
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
SHIMIZU, K;GOLDFARB, M;WIGLER, M
通讯作者：
WIGLER, M
小鼠和人类乳腺癌中相关转化基因的激活。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.78.8.5185
发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lane,MA;Sainten,A;Cooper,GM
通讯作者：
Cooper,GM