Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure.
Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1307187
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hernández-Avila M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ettinger AS;Roy A;Amarasiriwardena CJ;Smith D;Lupoli N;Mercado-García A;Lamadrid-Figueroa H;Tellez-Rojo MM;Hu H;Hernández-Avila M
背景：母乳是铅暴露的潜在来源。然而，人们对哺乳期铅从母体血液转移到母乳中及其对婴儿铅负担的影响仍知之甚少。目的：我们探讨了母体血液、血浆和母乳之间的剂量-反应关系，以更好地了解哺乳期铅从血液和血浆转移到母乳中，并最终转移到母乳喂养的婴儿。研究方法：我们测量了81名产妇的血液，血浆和母乳样本在产后1个月，并在60名婴儿的血液样本在3个月大的铅。计算乳汁/血浆（M/P）铅比值。多变量线性，分段，和广义加性模型被用来检查血液，血浆和牛奶铅水平之间的剂量反应关系。结果：母体铅水平（平均值± SD）如下：血：7.7 ± 4.0 μg/dL;血浆：0.1 ± 0.1 μg/L;乳汁：0.8 ± 0.7 μg/L。平均M/P导联比为7.7（范围0.6-39.8），97%的比值> 1。血浆铅与M/P比值之间的剂量反应关系为非线性（经验分布函数= 6.5，p = 0.0006），血浆铅浓度低于0.1 μg/L和高于0.1 μ g/L时，M/P比值分别降低16.6和0.6。婴儿血铅水平（3.4 ± 2.2 μg/dL）每增加1 μg/L的牛奶铅增加1.8 μg/dL（p < 0.0001，R2 = 0.3）。结论：人体中铅的M/P比值比以前报告的要高得多，在血浆铅水平较低时，铅从血浆转移到乳汁中的比例可能更高。母乳是母乳喂养婴儿铅负担的重要决定因素。Citation：Ettinger AS，Roy A，Amarasiriwardena CJ，Smith DR，Lupoli N，Mercado-García A，Lamadrid-Figueroa H，Tellez-Rojo MM，Hu H，Hernán-Avila M. 2014.母亲血液、血浆和母乳中的铅：哺乳期转移和对婴儿暴露的影响。环境健康展望122：87-92; http：dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307187
Background: Human milk is a potential source of lead exposure. Yet lactational transfer of lead from maternal blood into breast milk and its contribution to infant lead burden remains poorly understood. Objectives: We explored the dose–response relationships between maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk to better understand lactational transfer of lead from blood and plasma into milk and, ultimately, to the breastfeeding infant. Methods: We measured lead in 81 maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk samples at 1 month postpartum and in 60 infant blood samples at 3 months of age. Milk-to-plasma (M/P) lead ratios were calculated. Multivariate linear, piecewise, and generalized additive models were used to examine dose–response relationships between blood, plasma, and milk lead levels. Results: Maternal lead levels (mean ± SD) were as follows: blood: 7.7 ± 4.0 μg/dL; plasma: 0.1 ± 0.1 μg/L; milk: 0.8 ± 0.7 μg/L. The average M/P lead ratio was 7.7 (range, 0.6–39.8) with 97% of the ratios being > 1. The dose–response relationship between plasma lead and M/P ratio was nonlinear (empirical distribution function = 6.5, p = 0.0006) with the M/P ratio decreasing by 16.6 and 0.6 per 0.1 μg/L of plasma lead, respectively, below and above 0.1 μg/L plasma lead. Infant blood lead level (3.4 ± 2.2 μg/dL) increased by 1.8 μg/dL per 1 μg/L milk lead (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.3). Conclusions: The M/P ratio for lead in humans is substantially higher than previously reported, and transfer of lead from plasma to milk may be higher at lower levels of plasma lead. Breast milk is an important determinant of lead burden among breastfeeding infants. Citation: Ettinger AS, Roy A, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Smith DR, Lupoli N, Mercado-García A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Tellez-Rojo MM, Hu H, Hernández-Avila M. 2014. Maternal blood, plasma, and breast milk lead: lactational transfer and contribution to infant exposure. Environ Health Perspect 122:87–92; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307187
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Landrigan PJ;Sonawane B;Mattison D;McCally M;Garg A
通讯作者：
Garg A
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ballard, Olivia;Morrow, Ardythe L.
通讯作者：
Morrow, Ardythe L.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Kosnett MJ;Wedeen RP;Rothenberg SJ;Hipkins KL;Materna BL;Schwartz BS;Hu H;Woolf A
通讯作者：
Woolf A
DOI：
10.1097/01.jom.0000137712.21963.76
发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Counter, SA;Buchanan, LH;Ortega, F
通讯作者：
Ortega, F
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Larsen, LA;Ito, S;Koren, G
通讯作者：
Koren, G