Chemical contaminants in breast milk and their impacts on children's health: an overview.
Chemical contaminants in breast milk and their impacts on children's health: an overview.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.021100313
复制
发表时间：
2002-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Garg A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landrigan PJ;Sonawane B;Mattison D;McCally M;Garg A
母乳是婴儿最好的营养来源。母乳含有婴儿发育所需的脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质的最佳平衡，对生长、免疫和发育有一系列益处。不幸的是，母乳不是纯的。母乳污染很普遍，这是几十年来有毒化学品对环境污染控制不力的结果。母乳中有毒化学物质的发现为儿科实践、公共卫生实践和环境卫生研究界提出了重要问题。它还说明了目前知识中的差距，包括a)关于母乳中污染物的性质和水平的信息不足；b)缺乏收集和分析母乳样本的一致方案；c)缺乏毒物动力学数据；以及d)缺乏关于接触母乳中的化学物质可能对婴儿产生的健康后果的数据。信息方面的这些差距阻碍了风险评估，并使以证据为基础的卫生指导的制定变得困难。为了解决这些问题，有必要在美国仔细规划和实施全国母乳监测工作。此外，为了评估母乳中毒暴露的健康后果，有必要在使用专门评估母乳暴露的标准化检查方案的纵向流行病学研究中，对儿童进行多年的前瞻性检查。最后，需要扩大目前的风险评估方法，将母乳中化学残留物暴露给婴儿和儿童带来的潜在风险纳入考虑范围。
Human milk is the best source of nutrition for infants. Breast milk contains the optimal balance of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins for developing babies, and it provides a range of benefits for growth, immunity, and development. Unfortunately, breast milk is not pristine. Contamination of human milk is widespread and is the consequence of decades of inadequately controlled pollution of the environment by toxic chemicals. The finding of toxic chemicals in breast milk raises important issues for pediatric practice, for the practice of public health, and for the environmental health research community. It also illuminates gaps in current knowledge including a) insufficient information on the nature and levels of contaminants in breast milk; b) lack of consistent protocols for collecting and analyzing breast milk samples; c) lack of toxicokinetic data; and d) lack of data on health outcomes that may be produced in infants by exposure to chemicals in breast milk. These gaps in information impede risk assessment and make difficult the formulation of evidence-based health guidance. To address these issues, there is a need for a carefully planned and conducted national breast milk monitoring effort in the United States. Additionally, to assess health outcomes of toxic exposures via breast milk, it will be necessary to examine children prospectively over many years in longitudinal epidemiologic studies that use standardized examination protocols that specifically assess breast milk exposures. Finally, current risk assessment methods need to be expanded to include consideration of the potential risks posed to infants and children by exposures to chemical residues in breast milk.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
NIESSEN, KH;RAMOLLA, J;HOFMANN, U
通讯作者：
HOFMANN, U
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
SONAWANE, BR
通讯作者：
SONAWANE, BR
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hooper, K;Chuvakova, T;Grassman, J
通讯作者：
Grassman, J
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500133
发表时间：
2000-11-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson, HA;Wolff, MS
通讯作者：
Wolff, MS
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08073.x
发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
UNCERTAINTY IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Landrigan, PJ
通讯作者：
Landrigan, PJ