Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors.

Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002
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发表时间:
2013-02
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Morrow, Ardythe L.
Morrow, Ardythe L.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ballard, Olivia;Morrow, Ardythe L.

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母乳的组成是婴儿营养的生物指标。母乳还含有成百上千种不同的生物活性分子,它们可以预防感染和炎症,有助于免疫成熟、器官发育和健康的微生物定居。其中一些分子,例如乳铁蛋白,正在作为新的治疗剂进行研究。作为一种动态的生物活性液体,母乳的组成从初乳到哺乳后期都会发生变化,并且在不同的饲料中、昼夜和不同的母亲之间也会发生变化。用母乳喂养婴儿的情况正在增加。巴氏杀菌的供体母乳现在通常被提供给高危婴儿,美国的大多数母亲在哺乳期的某个时候表达并冷冻她们的乳汁,以供未来的婴儿喂养。许多牛奶蛋白质会被热处理降解,在经历这些处理后,冷冻-解冻循环可能不会具有相同的生物活性。本文概述了母乳的组成、变异的来源及其临床意义。
The composition of human milk is the biologic norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization. Some of these molecules, e.g., lactoferrin, are being investigated as novel therapeutic agents. A dynamic, bioactive fluid, human milk changes in composition from colostrum to late lactation, and varies within feeds, diurnally, and between mothers. Feeding infants with expressed human milk is increasing. Pasteurized donor milk is now commonly provided to high risk infants and most mothers in the U.S. express and freeze their milk at some point in lactation for future infant feedings. Many milk proteins are degraded by heat treatment and freeze-thaw cycles may not have the same bioactivity after undergoing these treatments. This article provides an overview of the composition of human milk, sources of its variation, and its clinical relevance.
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