Alterations in fear extinction neural circuitry and fear-related behavior linked to trauma exposure in children.
Alterations in fear extinction neural circuitry and fear-related behavior linked to trauma exposure in children.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112958
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rabinak CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marusak HA;Hehr A;Bhogal A;Peters C;Iadipaolo A;Rabinak CA
童年创伤是非常常见的（>60%），是恐惧性疾病的主要风险因素，包括焦虑和创伤后应激障碍。这些疾病的特征在于恐惧消退的缺陷和潜在神经回路的功能障碍。鉴于童年创伤与精神病理学发展之间存在着强烈而普遍的联系，恐惧消退可能是一个关键机制。本研究测试了童年创伤暴露对恐惧消退和潜在神经回路的影响。儿童（N = 44，45%创伤暴露; 6-11岁）完成了一个新的为期两天的虚拟现实恐惧消退实验。在第一天，参与者经历了恐惧条件反射和灭绝。24小时后，参与者在功能磁共振成像中完成了一项灭绝回忆测试。在整个实验过程中，使用皮肤电导和与恐惧相关的行为来测量条件性恐惧，并在回忆过程中估计与恐惧相关的大脑区域的激活。在恐惧条件化或消退学习过程中，条件性恐惧没有组间差异。然而，在灭绝回忆，创伤暴露的儿童保持更多的距离，从以前熄灭和安全线索，表明威胁和安全线索之间的区分差。在灭绝回忆的过程中，经历过创伤的年轻人也未能接近之前消失的线索。与对照组儿童相比，创伤暴露组儿童在回忆过程中对恐惧相关行为的影响伴随着对恐惧相关脑区（包括背侧前扣带皮层和前扣带皮层）中先前熄灭的线索的更高激活。与恐惧相关的大脑区域和与恐惧相关的行为的改变可能是童年创伤赋予精神病理学高度脆弱性的核心机制。
Exposure to childhood trauma is extremely common (>60%) and is a leading risk factor for fear-based disorders, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. These disorders are characterized by deficits in fear extinction and dysfunction in underlying neural circuitry. Given the strong and pervasive link between childhood trauma and the development of psychopathology, fear extinction may be a key mechanism. The present study tests the impact of childhood trauma exposure on fear extinction and underlying neural circuitry. Children (N = 44, 45% trauma-exposed; 6–11 yrs) completed a novel two-day virtual reality fear extinction experiment. On day one, participants underwent fear conditioning and extinction. Twenty-four hours later, participants completed a test of extinction recall during fMRI. Conditioned fear was measured throughout the experiment using skin conductance and fear-related behavior, and activation in fear-related brain regions was estimated during recall. There were no group differences in conditioned fear during fear conditioning or extinction learning. During extinction recall, however, trauma-exposed children kept more distance from both the previously extinguished and the safety cue, suggesting poor differentiation between threat and safety cues. Trauma-exposed youth also failed to approach the previously extinguished cue over the course of extinction recall. The effects on fear-related behavior during extinction recall were accompanied by higher activation to the previously extinguished cue in fear-relevant brain regions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, in trauma-exposed relative to control children. Alterations in fear-related brain regions and fear-related behavior may be a core mechanism through which childhood trauma confers heightened vulnerability to psychopathology.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2021-06.2006
发表时间：
2006-09-13
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kalisch R;Korenfeld E;Stephan KE;Weiskopf N;Seymour B;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Jenness JL;Miller AB;Rosen ML;McLaughlin KA
通讯作者：
McLaughlin KA
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Cisler, Josh M.;Privratsky, Anthony;Kilts, Clinton D.
通讯作者：
Kilts, Clinton D.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Hermann, A.;Stark, R.;Merz, C. J.
通讯作者：
Merz, C. J.
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
Feldman, R.;Vengrober, A.;Ebstein, R. P.
通讯作者：
Ebstein, R. P.