Long-Distance Dispersal after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Led to the Disjunctive Distribution of Pedicularis kansuensis (Orobanchaceae) between the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Tianshan Region.
Long-Distance Dispersal after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Led to the Disjunctive Distribution of Pedicularis kansuensis (Orobanchaceae) between the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Tianshan Region.
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末次盛冰期（LGM）后的长距离扩散导致甘肃马先蒿（列当科）在青藏高原和天山地区的分离分布
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0165700
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Guan KY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li WJ;Sui XL;Kuss P;Liu YY;Li AR;Guan KY
第四纪气候波动深刻地影响了青藏高原及其邻近山脉（如天山、阿尔泰等）许多动植物物种的分布格局和遗传结构。在这里，我们专注于马先蒿kansuensis测试是否目前的QTP和TSR间断是最近的全新世范围扩大的结果，涉及分散在干旱的陆桥（S）或更新世范围碎片涉及持久性避难所。对该属植物在中国的34个居群的319个个体的叶绿体DNA进行了序列测定。我们共发现了17个单倍型，其中所有发生在QTP，只有5个在TSR。总体遗传多样性较高（HT = 0.882，HS = 0.559），且QTP高于TSR。地区和人群之间的遗传分化相对较低（GST = 0.366），几乎没有证据表明出现了一个复杂的地理格局。四个主要谱系的分歧时间可以追溯到早更新世。令人惊讶的是，这两种普遍存在的单倍型在末次冰期盛期（LGM）之前或前后出现分歧，并在不同的系统发育谱系中发现。物种分布模型表明，在末次盛冰期，甘肃松从TSR中消失，而在QTP中的潜在分布相对恒定。我们的结论是，P. kansuensis定殖末次盛冰期后的TSR。通过风或水穿越干旱土地的种子流不太可能长距离传播，很可能是鸟类或人类作为媒介。
Quaternary climate fluctuations have profoundly affected the current distribution patterns and genetic structures of many plant and animal species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent mountain ranges, e.g. Tianshan (TSR), Altay, etc. In this greater area disjunct distributions are prominent but have nevertheless received little attention with respect to the historical processes involved. Here, we focus on Pedicularis kansuensis to test whether the current QTP and TSR disjunction is the result of a recent Holocene range expansion involving dispersal across arid land bridge(s) or a Pleistocene range fragmentation involving persistence in refugia. Two chloroplast DNA spacers were sequenced for 319 individuals from 34 populations covering the entire distribution range of this species in China. We found a total of 17 haplotypes of which all occurred in the QTP, and only five in the TSR. Overall genetic diversity was high (HT = 0.882, HS = 0.559) and higher in the QTP than in the TSR. Genetic differentiation among regions and populations was relatively low (GST = 0.366) and little evidence for a phylogeographic pattern emerged. The divergence times for the four main lineages could be dated to the early Pleistocene. Surprisingly, the two ubiquitous haplotypes diverged just before or around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and were found in different phylogenetic lineages. The Species Distribution Model suggested a disappearance of P. kansuensis from the TSR during the LGM in contrast to a relatively constant potential distribution in the QTP. We conclude that P. kansuensis colonized the TSR after the LGM. The improbable long-distance dispersal by wind or water across arid land seed flow may well have had birds or men as vector.
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