Extreme acidity in a cynipid gall: a potential new defensive strategy against natural enemies
Extreme acidity in a cynipid gall: a potential new defensive strategy against natural enemies
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犬瘿中的极度酸性：针对天敌的潜在新防御策略
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2022.0513
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hines, Heather M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guiguet, Antoine;McCartney, Nathaniel B.;Gilbert, Kadeem J.;Tooker, John F.;Deans, Andrew R.;Ali, Jared G.;Hines, Heather M.
昆虫诱瘿的形态特征有助于诱瘿昆虫对天敌的防御。在胆汁化学方面，迄今为止在胆汁中发现的唯一防御性化合物是单宁，它积累在许多胆汁中，防止食草动物的破坏。我们对红橡（红橡）上诱导的半透明橡树虫瘿（TOG;Amphibolips nubilipennis，Cynipidae，Hymenoptera）的水果般外观感到好奇，假设其化学成分可能与其他虫瘿不同。我们发现，胆汁的pH值在2和3之间，使其成为植物组织中最低的pH值。我们研究了有机酸含量的TOG，并比较它与水果和其他胆使用高效液相色谱和气相色谱-质谱。苹果酸是苹果中含量特别高的一种酸，占TOG中检测到的有机酸的66%。苹果酸的浓度是其他虫瘿和苹果的两倍。瘿组织学观察表明，含酸细胞增大，空泡化，与果实中果皮细胞相似。有机酸在瘿组织中的积累与果实形态一致，可能构成一种新的防御捕食者和寄生性天敌的策略。
The morphology of insect-induced galls contributes to defences of the gall-inducing insect species against its natural enemies. In terms of gall chemistry, the only defensive compounds thus far identified in galls are tannins that accumulate in many galls, preventing damage by herbivores. Intrigued by the fruit-like appearance of the translucent oak gall (TOG;Amphibolips nubilipennis, Cynipidae, Hymenoptera) induced on red oak (Quercus rubra), we hypothesized that its chemical composition may deviate from other galls. We found that the pH of the gall is between 2 and 3, making it among the lowest pH levels found in plant tissues. We examined the organic acid content of TOG and compared it to fruits and other galls using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Malic acid, an acid with particularly high abundance in apples, represents 66% of the organic acid detected in TOGs. The concentration of malic acid was two times higher than in other galls and in apples. Gall histology showed that the acid-containing cells were enlarged and vacuolized just like fruits mesocarp cells. Accumulation of organic acid in gall tissues is convergent with fruit morphology and may constitute a new defensive strategy against predators and parasitoids.
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分泌花蜜的瘿蜂和蚂蚁互利共生：选择和反选择塑造瘿蜂物候、繁殖力和持久性
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Seibert
通讯作者：
T. Seibert
食蟹瘿黄蜂（Dryocosmus dubiosus（膜翅目：食蟹科））的死亡来源：单宁/真菌相互作用的重要性
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
M. Taper;E. Zimmerman;T. Case
通讯作者：
T. Case
DOI：
10.1111/evo.14562
发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Freund, Matthias;Graus, Dorothea;Fleischmann, Andreas;Gilbert, Kadeem J.;Lin, Qianshi;Renner, Tanya;Stigloher, Christian;Albert, Victor;Hedrich, Rainer;Fukushima, Kenji
通讯作者：
Fukushima, Kenji
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Haiden, S. A.;Hoffmann, J. H.;Cramer, M. D.
通讯作者：
Cramer, M. D.