Female attraction to male scent and associative learning: the house mouse as a mammalian model
Female attraction to male scent and associative learning: the house mouse as a mammalian model
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雌性对雄性气味的吸引力和联想学习：家鼠作为哺乳动物模型
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.08.010
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Roberts S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts S
许多有领地意识的哺乳动物在竞争性气味标记上投入了大量资金，以宣传它们的位置、身份以及当前的社会和生理状态。本文回顾了家鼠气味标记的行为和分子成分，这些成分影响雌性对雄性的吸引力，并讨论了信息素诱导的雌性学习和雄性的差异气味投资如何影响雌性对特定气味所有者的吸引力。尽管老鼠的尿液气味含有许多性别特异性和个体特异性成分，但雌性之所以愿意花更多时间靠近雄性尿液，取决于它们与一种复杂的蛋白质信息素（darcin）的接触。这是一种非典型的主要尿蛋白（MUP），仅在男性中表达。接触后，这种信息素对联想学习起到了很强的刺激作用，这样雌性就会对空气中单个雄性的气味产生类似的吸引力，这种气味与darcin有关；它们还学会了对遇到信息素的空间线索的吸引力。这种方法的目标是吸引雌性，同时吸引雄性气味标记所有者的气味和位置。然而，气味痕迹散发的挥发物的浓度和质量会影响男性气味的接近和接触。在竞争压力下，雄性在快速恢复气味痕迹方面投入了大量资金，并沉积了高浓度的MUPs，这些MUPs可以结合尿液中的挥发物，延长挥发物释放的时间。雌性也从空气中的挥发物中获取信息，包括主人的社会和感染状况，这可以改变它们对气味的吸引力。雌性通过气味标记来了解雄性个体的能力意味着，在雌性准备好交配之前，它们很可能就做出了关于偏好雄性的大多数决定。我们刚刚开始了解男性气味中的不同信息是如何整合在一起做出这些决定的。
Many territorial mammals invest heavily in competitive scent marks that advertise their location, identity and current social and physiological status. Here we review the behavioural and molecular components of scent marking in house mice,Mus musculus domesticus, that influence female attraction to males and discuss how pheromone-induced learning among females and differential scent investment among males both influence female attraction to specific scent owners. Although mouse urine scents contain numerous sex-specific and individual-specific components, female attraction to spend more time near urine from males depends on contact with an involatile protein pheromone, darcin. This is an atypical major urinary protein (MUP) expressed only by males. On contact, this pheromone acts as a highly potent stimulus for associative learning, such that females learn similar attraction to the individual male's airborne odour associated with darcin; they also learn attraction to spatial cues where the pheromone was encountered. This targets female attraction to both the odour and location of individual male scent mark owners. However, the concentration and quality of airborne volatiles emitted from scent marks influence approach and contact with male scents. Under competitive pressure, males invest heavily in refreshment of scent marks at a high rate and deposit a high concentration of MUPs that bind urinary volatiles and extend the duration of volatile release. Females also gain information from airborne volatiles, including the social and infection status of the owner, which can alter their attraction to contact his scent. The ability of females to learn about individual males from their scent marks means that most decisions about preferred males are likely to be made before females are ready to mate. We are just starting to understand how different information in male scents is integrated in making these decisions.
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