Interactions between silicate and salt melts in LBA glassmaking
Interactions between silicate and salt melts in LBA glassmaking
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LBA 玻璃制造中硅酸盐和盐熔体之间的相互作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.016
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tanimoto S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanimoto S
进行了一系列的玻璃制造实验，以探索碱氯化物的存在对玻璃的最终组成的影响，如果有的话。实验表明，当氯化物的浓度达到熔体中氯的溶解度极限时，碱离子就会积极地参与玻璃的形成过程，而当氯化物浓度较高时，就会形成一种单独的盐熔体，称为galle。在平衡条件下，混合液中的碱比不同于混合料中的初始碱比，也不同于共存的硅酸盐熔体中的碱比。值得注意的是，在两种熔体体系之间有充分的碱离子交换，在含有纯碳酸钠（=纯碱）的批料中加入纯氯化钾会形成混合碱玻璃和混合碱galle，它们的碱比互补。相比之下，碱土元素（即钙和镁）不参与这些离子交换反应，似乎不受批次中存在的氯化物的影响。这些发现在比较不同植物灰烬与考古玻璃的分析时特别相关；灰和玻璃之间的碱离子比只有在没有气泡与玻璃熔体一起形成的情况下才可能相似；在批中氯含量超过几个重量百分比的情况下，很可能随着氯含量的增加，玻璃中的碱比将越来越偏离批中的总碱比。虽然这一论点是专门针对青铜时代晚期的盐生植物灰玻璃而提出的，但其结果可能在原则上也适用于任何其他基于富卤素批次且含有一种以上碱金属的玻璃。
A series of glassmaking experiments have been done to explore the influence, if any, of the presence of alkali chlorides in a typical soda-lime-silica glass batch on the final composition of the glass. The experiments have shown that concentrations of chlorides up to the limit of solubility of chlorine in the melt are actively contributing alkali ions to the glass-forming process, and that at higher chloride concentrations in the batch a separate salt melt forms, known as galle. At equilibrium conditions, the alkali ratio in the galle is different from the initial alkali ratio in the batch and differs from the ratio in the co-existing silicate melt. Significantly, there is full exchange of alkali ions between the two melt systems and the addition of pure potassium chloride to a batch containing pure sodium carbonate (=soda ash) results in the formation of a mixed alkali glass and a mixed alkali galle, with complementary alkali ratios. The alkali earth elements (i.e. calcium and magnesium), in contrast, are not taking part in these ion exchange reactions, and seem not to be affected by chlorides present in the batch. These findings are particularly relevant when comparing analyses of different plant ashes with archaeological glasses; the alkali ion ratios between ash and glass are only likely to be similar when no galle is forming together with the glass melt; in the presence of more than a few weight percent of chlorides in the batch, it is likely that the alkali ratio in the glass will be increasingly shifted away from the total alkali ratio in the batch as the chlorine content increases. While the argument is developed specifically for Late Bronze Age halophytic plant ash glasses, the results are likely to be valid in principle also for any other glasses based on halogen-rich batches and containing more than one alkali metal.
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