Diverse host-seeking behaviors of skin-penetrating nematodes.
Diverse host-seeking behaviors of skin-penetrating nematodes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004305
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Hallem EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castelletto ML;Gang SS;Okubo RP;Tselikova AA;Nolan TJ;Platzer EG;Lok JB;Hallem EA
穿透皮肤的寄生线虫感染了全世界大约10亿人，并导致了一些最常见的被忽视的热带病。皮肤穿透性线虫的感染性幼虫被认为是利用感官线索寻找寄主，但人们对它们的寄主寻找行为知之甚少。我们深入分析了人类皮肤穿透性寄生虫粪圆线虫（Strongyloides stercoralis）的寻宿主行为，并将其与其他寄生线虫的行为进行了比较。我们发现，相对于其他寄生线虫，粪线虫具有高度的移动性，并使用巡航策略寻找宿主。stercoralis对多种人体皮肤和汗液气味显示出强大的吸引力，其中大多数是已知的蚊子引诱剂。粪螟的嗅觉偏好在不同的生命阶段有所不同，这表明寄主寻找机制仅限于感染幼虫。通过对臭虫和其他6种线虫气味驱动行为的比较，发现寄生物的嗅觉偏好反映的是寄主的特异性而非系统发育性，提示嗅觉在寄主选择中起着重要作用。我们的结果可能有助于开发对抗有害线虫感染的新策略。寄生虫是一个重大的公共卫生问题。穿透皮肤的蠕虫，如钩虫和人类线虫粪圆线虫，在感染宿主之前就居住在土壤中。然而，它们如何定位和识别合适的宿主尚不清楚。本研究研究了粪螟的寄主行为。我们发现粪虫移动迅速，积极寻找感染宿主。我们还发现，粪虫会被人体皮肤和汗液气味所吸引，包括许多也会吸引蚊子的气味。然后，我们比较了不同种类寄生虫的嗅觉行为，发现宿主相似的寄生虫对气味的反应相似，即使它们不是近亲，这表明寄生虫使用嗅觉线索来选择宿主。更好地了解皮肤穿透蠕虫的寄主寻找可能会导致新的控制策略。
Skin-penetrating parasitic nematodes infect approximately one billion people worldwide and are responsible for some of the most common neglected tropical diseases. The infective larvae of skin-penetrating nematodes are thought to search for hosts using sensory cues, yet their host-seeking behavior is poorly understood. We conducted an in-depth analysis of host seeking in the skin-penetrating human parasite Strongyloides stercoralis, and compared its behavior to that of other parasitic nematodes. We found that Str. stercoralis is highly mobile relative to other parasitic nematodes and uses a cruising strategy for finding hosts. Str. stercoralis shows robust attraction to a diverse array of human skin and sweat odorants, most of which are known mosquito attractants. Olfactory preferences of Str. stercoralis vary across life stages, suggesting a mechanism by which host seeking is limited to infective larvae. A comparison of odor-driven behavior in Str. stercoralis and six other nematode species revealed that parasite olfactory preferences reflect host specificity rather than phylogeny, suggesting an important role for olfaction in host selection. Our results may enable the development of new strategies for combating harmful nematode infections. Parasitic worms are a significant public health problem. Skin-penetrating worms such as hookworms and the human threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis dwell in the soil before infecting their host. However, how they locate and identify appropriate hosts is not understood. Here we investigated the host-seeking behavior of Str. stercoralis. We found that Str. stercoralis moves quickly and actively searches for hosts to infect. We also found that Str. stercoralis is attracted to human skin and sweat odorants, including many that also attract mosquitoes. We then compared olfactory behavior across parasitic worm species and found that parasites with similar hosts respond similarly to odorants even when they are not closely related, suggesting parasitic worms use olfactory cues to select hosts. A better understanding of host seeking in skin-penetrating worms may lead to novel control strategies.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
BARGMANN, CI;HARTWIEG, E;HORVITZ, HR
通讯作者：
HORVITZ, HR
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ali JG;Alborn HT;Campos-Herrera R;Kaplan F;Duncan LW;Rodriguez-Saona C;Koppenhöfer AM;Stelinski LL
通讯作者：
Stelinski LL
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Bilgrami, Anwar L.;Gaugler, Randy;Adams, Byron J.
通讯作者：
Adams, Byron J.
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Campbell, JF;Kaya, HK
通讯作者：
Kaya, HK
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Downes, MJ;Griffin, CT
通讯作者：
Griffin, CT