Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19,000 consumers.
Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19,000 consumers.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph110404356
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发表时间：
2014-04-22
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Voudris V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farsalinos KE;Romagna G;Tsiapras D;Kyrzopoulos S;Voudris V
背景：电子烟(EC)的使用在过去几年中呈指数级增长。这项调查的目的是评估大样本EC使用者的特征和经历，并检查那些部分和完全用EC替代吸烟的人之间的差异。方法：编制调查问卷，翻译成10种不同语言，上传到在线调查工具中。EC用户被要求参与，无论他们目前的吸烟状况如何。参与者根据参与时的吸烟状况分为两个小组：曾经吸烟者和现在吸烟者。结果：总共有19414名参与者进入分析，其中88人(0.5%)报告在开始使用EC时不是吸烟者。81.0%的参与者(前吸烟者)报告完全替代吸烟，而现在吸烟者的吸烟量从每天20支减少到4支。他们使用ECs的中位数为10个月。他们开始使用EC时，尼古丁浓度液体的中位数为18毫克/毫升；21.5%的人使用的浓度高于20毫克/毫升。在调查时，只有3.5%的参与者正在使用0-尼古丁液体。与现在的吸烟者相比，以前的吸烟者高度依赖(Fagerström香烟依赖测试=7)，而且吸烟量更大(吸烟时每天吸烟21支)。开始为这两个亚组使用EC的最重要原因是减少与吸烟有关的危害，并减少家庭成员接触二手烟。大多数人认为ECs的危害比烟草要小，而11.0%的人认为它们绝对无害。超过一半的参与者报告了副作用(59.8%)，最常见的是口腔和喉咙痛/干；副作用轻微，在大多数情况下后来(部分或完全)消失。参与者在身体状况和先前存在的疾病(包括哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病等呼吸系统疾病)的改善方面体验到了显著的好处。作为前吸烟者独立地与对健康的积极影响和疾病状况的改善有关。结论：这项对专门使用者的全球调查结果表明，ECs主要用于避免与吸烟相关的危害。即使对高度依赖的吸烟者来说，它们也可以有效，并被用作吸烟的长期替代品。开始时使用高水平的尼古丁；随后，使用者试图减少尼古丁的消费，只有一小部分人使用非尼古丁液体。副作用很小，对健康的好处很大，特别是对于那些完全用EC替代吸烟的人。进一步的人群和干预性研究是必要的。
Background: Electronic cigarette (EC) use has grown exponentially over the past few years. The purpose of this survey was to assess the characteristics and experiences of a large sample of EC users and examine the differences between those who partially and completely substituted smoking with EC use. Methods: A questionnaire was prepared, translated into 10 different languages and uploaded in an online survey tool. EC users were asked to participate irrespective of their current smoking status. Participants were divided according to their smoking status at the time of participation in two subgroups: former smokers and current smokers. Results: In total, 19,414 participants were included in the analysis, with 88 of them (0.5%) reported not being smokers at the time of EC use initiation. Complete substitution of smoking was reported by 81.0% of participants (former smokers) while current smokers had reduced smoking consumption from 20 to 4 cigarettes per day. They were using ECs for a median of 10 months. They initiated EC use with a median of 18 mg/mL nicotine-concentration liquids; 21.5% used higher than 20 mg/mL. Only 3.5% of participants were using 0-nicotine liquids at the time of the survey. Former smokers were highly dependent (Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence = 7) and were heavier smokers (21 cigarettes per day when smoking) compared to current smokers. The most important reasons for initiating EC use for both subgroups was to reduce the harm associated with smoking and to reduce exposure of family members to second-hand smoking. Most considered ECs as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes, while 11.0% considered them absolutely harmless. Side effects were reported by more than half of the participants (59.8%), with the most common being sore/dry mouth and throat; side effects were mild and in most cases were subsequently resolved (partially or completely). Participants experienced significant benefits in physical status and improvements in pre-existing disease conditions (including respiratory disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease). Being former smoker was independently associated with positive effects in health and improvements in disease conditions. Conclusions: The results of this worldwide survey of dedicated users indicate that ECs are mostly used to avoid the harm associated with smoking. They can be effective even in highly-dependent smokers and are used as long-term substitutes for smoking. High levels of nicotine are used at initiation; subsequently, users try to reduce nicotine consumption, with only a small minority using non-nicotine liquids. Side effects are minor and health benefits are substantial, especially for those who completely substitute smoking with EC use. Further population and interventional studies are warranted.
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影响因子：
12.7
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通讯作者：
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