Ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets to gradient saline stress.
Ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets to gradient saline stress.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2014.00787
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Chen YL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao HJ;Yang HY;Bai JP;Liang XY;Lou Y;Zhang JL;Wang D;Zhang JL;Niu SQ;Chen YL
盐分是影响植物生长和降低大田作物产量的主要非生物胁迫之一。与大田植物相比，试管苗为研究植物耐盐机制提供了一种直接、快速的途径。本文研究了马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）c. v.“龙树3号”）小植株进行梯度盐胁迫（0、25、50、100和200 mM NaCl），随后进行两次观察（分别为2周和6周）。结果表明，随着外源NaCl浓度的增加和处理时间的延长，（1）叶绿体数量和细胞间隙明显减少，（2）细胞壁增厚甚至破裂，（3）叶肉细胞和叶绿体逐渐受损，直至完全解体，含淀粉量增加，（4）叶片Na、Cl含量增加，K含量下降，（5）叶片脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著增加;（6）叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加，气孔面积和叶绿素含量下降。严重的盐胁迫（200 mM NaCl）抑制幼苗生长。这些结果表明，马铃薯试管苗通过积累脯氨酸等植物保护物质，提高CAT、SOD等抗氧化酶的活性，在一定程度上适应了盐胁迫。本研究的结果提供了超微结构和生理的见解表征盐胁迫诱导的潜在损害，选择耐盐马铃薯品种。
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that impacts plant growth and reduces the productivity of field crops. Compared to field plants, test tube plantlets offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance. Here we examined the ultrastructural and physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. “Longshu No. 3”) plantlets to gradient saline stress (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) with two consequent observations (2 and 6 weeks, respectively). The results showed that, with the increase of external NaCl concentration and the duration of treatments, (1) the number of chloroplasts and cell intercellular spaces markedly decreased, (2) cell walls were thickened and even ruptured, (3) mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were gradually damaged to a complete disorganization containing more starch, (4) leaf Na and Cl contents increased while leaf K content decreased, (5) leaf proline content and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly, and (6) leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly and stomatal area and chlorophyll content decline were also detected. Severe salt stress (200 mM NaCl) inhibited plantlet growth. These results indicated that potato plantlets adapt to salt stress to some extent through accumulating osmoprotectants, such as proline, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT and SOD. The outcomes of this study provide ultrastructural and physiological insights into characterizing potential damages induced by salt stress for selecting salt-tolerant potato cultivars.
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