Transgenesis and paratransgenesis to control insect-borne diseases: current status and future challenges.
Transgenesis and paratransgenesis to control insect-borne diseases: current status and future challenges.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.parint.2009.10.002
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ramalho-Ortigao M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coutinho-Abreu IV;Zhu KY;Ramalho-Ortigao M
虫媒疾病导致严重的人类发病率和死亡率。目前针对媒介传播疾病的控制和预防方法主要依靠杀虫剂。许多病媒中出现的杀虫剂抗药性凸显了开发新策略来控制这些昆虫的必要性。载体转基因和副转基因是旨在降低昆虫载体能力或寻求消除病原体传播的新策略，例如目前正在开发的疟原虫属、锥虫属和登革热病毒。载体转基因依赖于疾病载体的直接遗传操作，使它们无法充当给定病原体的载体。平行转基因专注于利用转基因昆虫共生体在载体内表达对其传播的病原体有害的分子。尽管过去几年在开发此类技术方面取得了许多成功，但在这些方法成为现实之前，仍然存在许多重大障碍并且需要克服。在这里，我们重点介绍这些策略的现状，指出其优点和局限性，并探讨在建立转基因和副转基因作为预防媒介传播疾病的工具之前需要解决的问题。
Insect-borne diseases cause significant human morbidity and mortality. Current control and preventive methods against vector-borne diseases rely mainly on insecticides. The emergence of insecticide resistance in many disease vectors highlights the necessity to develop new strategies to control these insects. Vector transgenesis and paratransgenesis are novel strategies that aim at reducing insect vectorial capacity, or seek to eliminate transmission of pathogens such as Plasmodium sp., Trypanosoma sp., and Dengue virus currently being developed. Vector transgenesis relies on direct genetic manipulation of disease vectors making them incapable of functioning as vectors of a given pathogen. Paratransgenesis focuses on utilizing genetically modified insect symbionts to express molecules within the vector that are deleterious to pathogens they transmit. Despite the many successes achieved in developing such techniques in the last several years, many significant barriers remain and need to be overcome prior to any of these approaches become a reality. Here, we highlight the current status of these strategies, pointing out advantages and constraints, and also explore issues that need to be resolved before the establishment of transgenesis and paratransgenesis as tools to prevent vector-borne diseases.
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