Sequence diversity of Pan troglodytes subspecies and the impact of WFDC6 selective constraints in reproductive immunity.
Sequence diversity of Pan troglodytes subspecies and the impact of WFDC6 selective constraints in reproductive immunity.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evt198
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Seixas S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira Z;Hurle B;Andrés AM;Kretzschmar WW;Mullikin JC;Cherukuri PF;Cruz P;Gonder MK;Stone AC;Tishkoff S;Swanson WJ;NISC Comparative Sequencing Program;Green ED;Clark AG;Seixas S
最近的努力试图描述普通黑猩猩的种群结构，重点关注四个亚种：Pan troglodytes verus、P. t.埃利奥蒂，P.t。穴居人，P. t。猪蹄。然而，很少有研究探讨自然选择在塑造它们对病原体和繁殖的反应方面的影响。乳清酸性蛋白 (WAP) 四二硫键核心结构域 (WFDC) 基因和邻近的精蛋白 (SEMG) 基因编码在免疫和生育力中发挥综合作用的蛋白质。它们表现出惊人的高氨基酸替换率（dN/dS），表明灵长类动物进化过程中的适应压力。在人类群体中，描述了 WFDC 基因座的三个选择信号，可能影响男性生殖道的蛋白水解谱和抗菌活性。为了评估黑猩猩 WFDC 基因座的基因组变异和选择模式，我们对 68 只黑猩猩（15 只 P. t. troglodytes、22 只 P. t. verus 和 31 只 P. t. ellioti）的 17 个 WFDC 基因和 47 个常染色体假基因进行了测序。我们发现 P. t. 有明显的分化。 verus 并估计了 P. t 的散度。穴居人和 P. t. ellioti 亚种 0.173 Myr；此外，在 WFDC 基因座上，我们发现了 WFDC6 中三个亚种共有的强选择性约束的特征——WFDC6 是附睾蛋白酶抑制剂 EPPIN 的最新旁系同源物。总体而言，黑猩猩和人类在 WFDC 基因座上没有表现出相似的选择足迹，这可能是由于两个物种之间与免疫反应和生殖生物学相关的不同选择压力所致。
Recent efforts have attempted to describe the population structure of common chimpanzee, focusing on four subspecies: Pan troglodytes verus, P. t. ellioti, P. t. troglodytes, and P. t. schweinfurthii. However, few studies have pursued the effects of natural selection in shaping their response to pathogens and reproduction. Whey acidic protein (WAP) four-disulfide core domain (WFDC) genes and neighboring semenogelin (SEMG) genes encode proteins with combined roles in immunity and fertility. They display a strikingly high rate of amino acid replacement (dN/dS), indicative of adaptive pressures during primate evolution. In human populations, three signals of selection at the WFDC locus were described, possibly influencing the proteolytic profile and antimicrobial activities of the male reproductive tract. To evaluate the patterns of genomic variation and selection at the WFDC locus in chimpanzees, we sequenced 17 WFDC genes and 47 autosomal pseudogenes in 68 chimpanzees (15 P. t. troglodytes, 22 P. t. verus, and 31 P. t. ellioti). We found a clear differentiation of P. t. verus and estimated the divergence of P. t. troglodytes and P. t. ellioti subspecies in 0.173 Myr; further, at the WFDC locus we identified a signature of strong selective constraints common to the three subspecies in WFDC6—a recent paralog of the epididymal protease inhibitor EPPIN. Overall, chimpanzees and humans do not display similar footprints of selection across the WFDC locus, possibly due to different selective pressures between the two species related to immune response and reproductive biology.
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