Empathic concern drives costly altruism.

Empathic concern drives costly altruism.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.043
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发表时间:
2015-01-15
期刊:
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Mobbs D
Mobbs D
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
FeldmanHall O;Dalgleish T;Evans D;Mobbs D

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为什么我们要自我牺牲去帮助处于困境中的人呢?已经出现了两种相互矛盾的理论,一种认为亲社会行为主要是由同情他人的关心情绪驱动的,另一种是我们帮助的主要原因是我们自私地专注于减少自己的不适。在这里,我们探索了代价高昂的利他主义和移情的这两个子过程之间的关系,特别是利用照看模型来检验特质移情关怀(例如,一般倾向于同情他人)和特质个人痛苦(例如,倾向于体验厌恶的唤醒状态)可能不同地驱动利他行为的理论。我们发现,特质的共情关怀--而不是特质的个人痛苦--激发了代价高昂的利他主义,这种关系得到腹侧被盖区、尾状核和亚膝前扣带区活动的支持,这些区域是促进社会依恋和照顾的关键区域。总而言之,这些数据有助于确定激发代价高昂的利他主义的行为和神经机制,同时表明,与同理心相关的大脑反应的个体差异可以预测真正的亲社会选择。特质移情关怀预测利他行为。状态痛苦,而不是性格痛苦,预示着利他主义行为。由VTA、Caudate和sgACC组成的网络支持面向其他方面的亲社会决策。支持照顾模式的神经证据:社会奖励和依恋引导利他主义。
Why do we self-sacrifice to help others in distress? Two competing theories have emerged, one suggesting that prosocial behavior is primarily motivated by feelings of empathic other-oriented concern, the other that we help mainly because we are egoistically focused on reducing our own discomfort. Here we explore the relationship between costly altruism and these two sub-processes of empathy, specifically drawing on the caregiving model to test the theory that trait empathic concern (e.g. general tendency to have sympathy for another) and trait personal distress (e.g. predisposition to experiencing aversive arousal states) may differentially drive altruistic behavior. We find that trait empathic concern – and not trait personal distress – motivates costly altruism, and this relationship is supported by activity in the ventral tegmental area, caudate and subgenual anterior cingulate, key regions for promoting social attachment and caregiving. Together, this data helps identify the behavioral and neural mechanisms motivating costly altruism, while demonstrating that individual differences in empathic concern-related brain responses can predict real prosocial choice. Trait empathic concern predicts altruistic action. State distress, but not trait distress, predicts altruistic action. A network comprised of VTA, caudate and sgACC support other-oriented prosocial decisions. Neural evidence supporting caregiving model: social reward and attachment guides altruism.
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