Storage and persistence of a candidate fungal biopesticide for use against adult malaria vectors.
Storage and persistence of a candidate fungal biopesticide for use against adult malaria vectors.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-11-354
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发表时间：
2012-10-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Thomas MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanford S;Jenkins NE;Christian R;Chan BH;Nardini L;Osae M;Koekemoer L;Coetzee M;Read AF;Thomas MB
旨在增强或替代化学杀虫剂的新产品必须具有操作特性，包括在减少病媒数量和/或阻止寄生虫传播方面具有高效性，并且在使用后具有持久性。旨在开发真菌孢子作为病媒控制生物农药的研究已显示出巨大的潜力，但尚未直接评估其在长期储存或田间施用后的生存能力。将来自昆虫病原真菌白僵菌单次生产的孢子干燥，然后在 7°C 下冷藏保存。 585 天后，对这些孢子进行二次取样，并放置在 22°C、26°C 或 32°C 下，仍然密封在包装中（密闭储存）或开放的烧杯中，并暴露于它们所保存的培养箱的 80% 相对湿度中。随后在接下来的 165 天内从这些处理中采集样本以评估活力。来自同一生产过程的孢子也被用来测试其在使用手持式喷雾器施用于三种不同基材（粘土、水泥和木材）后的持久性。这些实验是在两个不同的研究所进行的，其中一个使用成年雌性史蒂芬按按蚊，另一个使用成年雌性冈比亚按蚊。将蚊子暴露在经过处理的基质上一小时，然后将其清除，并在接下来的 14 天中监测它们的存活情况。最多七个月内每月进行一次测定。孢子在冷藏条件下储存两年多没有导致孢子活力丧失。在开放和封闭储存条件下保存的这些样品的孢子活力高度依赖于培养温度，较高的温度比较低的温度更快地降低活力。暴露后蚊子的存活率取决于基质类型。孢子在粘土基质上的持久性最强，四个月内孢子数量减少了 80%。斯蒂芬西和至少五个月对抗冈比亚按蚊。水泥和木材基质的死亡率变化较大，两种基质的最高孢子持久性分别为两到三个月。孢子在冷藏条件下的保质期超过了灭蚊产品预期的两年标准保质期。在封闭或开放储存下转移至各种温度表明，从冷藏中取出的样品应在控制操作中迅速部署，以避免活力丧失。施用到粘土表面后孢子的持久性与许多常用的化学杀虫剂相当。在水泥和木材上的持久性较短，但在一项测定中仍与某些有机磷酸酯和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂相当。优化的配方有望进一步提高孢子的持久性。
New products aimed at augmenting or replacing chemical insecticides must have operational profiles that include both high efficacy in reducing vector numbers and/or blocking parasite transmission and be long lasting following application. Research aimed at developing fungal spores as a biopesticide for vector control have shown considerable potential yet have not been directly assessed for their viability after long-term storage or following application in the field. Spores from a single production run of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana were dried and then stored under refrigeration at 7°C. After 585 days these spores were sub-sampled and placed at either 22°C, 26°C or 32°C still sealed in packaging (closed storage) or in open beakers and exposed to the 80% relative humidity of the incubator they were kept in. Samples were subsequently taken from these treatments over a further 165 days to assess viability. Spores from the same production run were also used to test their persistence following application to three different substrates, clay, cement and wood, using a hand held sprayer. The experiments were conducted at two different institutes with one using adult female Anopheles stephensi and the other adult female Anopheles gambiae. Mosquitoes were exposed to the treated substrates for one hour before being removed and their survival monitored for the next 14 days. Assays were performed at monthly intervals over a maximum seven months. Spore storage under refrigeration resulted in no loss of spore viability over more than two years. Spore viability of those samples kept under open and closed storage was highly dependent on the incubation temperature with higher temperatures decreasing viability more rapidly than cooler temperatures. Mosquito survival following exposure was dependent on substrate type. Spore persistence on the clay substrate was greatest achieving 80% population reduction for four months against An. stephensi and for at least five months against Anopheles gambiae. Cement and wood substrates had more variable mortality with the highest spore persistence being two to three months for the two substrates respectively. Spore shelf-life under refrigeration surpassed the standard two year shelf-life expected of a mosquito control product. Removal to a variety of temperatures under either closed or open storage indicated that samples sent out from refrigeration should be deployed rapidly in control operations to avoid loss of viability. Spore persistence following application onto clay surfaces was comparable to a number of chemical insecticides in common use. Persistence on cement and wood was shorter but in one assay still comparable to some organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Optimized formulations could be expected to improve spore persistence still further.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Asidi A;N'Guessan R;Akogbeto M;Curtis C;Rowland M
通讯作者：
Rowland M
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.910
发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Farenhorst, Marit;Farina, Daniela;Knols, Bart G. J.
通讯作者：
Knols, Bart G. J.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0689
发表时间：
2009-01-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Hancock, P. A.;Thomas, M. B.;Godfray, H. C. J.
通讯作者：
Godfray, H. C. J.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hong, TD;Gunn, J;Moore, D
通讯作者：
Moore, D
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Faria, Marcos;Hotchkiss, Joseph H.;Wraight, Stephen P.
通讯作者：
Wraight, Stephen P.