Structure and evolution of barley powdery mildew effector candidates.
Structure and evolution of barley powdery mildew effector candidates.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-13-694
复制
发表时间：
2012-12-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Spanu PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pedersen C;Ver Loren van Themaat E;McGuffin LJ;Abbott JC;Burgis TA;Barton G;Bindschedler LV;Lu X;Maekawa T;Wessling R;Cramer R;Thordal-Christensen H;Panstruga R;Spanu PD
致病蛋白效应物在调节寄主免疫和抗病方面起着重要作用。禾本科牧草白粉病是危害粮食作物的重要病害之一。禾谷芽孢杆菌是一种专性的生物营养性病原体，因此，如果它要存活并致病，就绝对需要抑制或避免宿主免疫。在这里，我们描述了一个超家族，预测它是真菌大麦白粉病寄生虫B.graminis f.sp.中分泌效应蛋白(CSEP)的完整候选家族。霍尔代伊。编码这些蛋白的491个基因构成了该病原体注释基因的7%以上，大多数基因属于72个家族，多达59个成员。它们主要在称为吸器的细胞内摄食结构中表达，与吸器特异相关的蛋白质通过大规模的基于质谱学的蛋白质组学鉴定。效应器家族有两种主要类型：一种由较短的蛋白质(100-150个氨基酸)组成，在吸器中有较高的相对表达水平，有证据表明对虾之间存在广泛的多样化选择；第二种类型由较长的蛋白质(300-400个氨基酸)组成，有较低的差异表达水平，有证据表明对虾之间的选择是纯化的。对预测的蛋白质结构的分析强调了它们与已知真菌效应器的总体相似性，但也强调了整个效应器超家族中与核糖核酸酶的意外结构亲和力。属于同一家族的候选效应基因在基因组中松散地聚集在一起，并与来自逆转座子的重复DNA相关。我们利用完整的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组分析以及结构预测方法来鉴定和鉴定禾谷类芽孢杆菌CSEPs超家族成员。霍尔代伊。根据内含子的相对位置和带有核糖核酸酶样域的CSEPs在系统发育树中的分布，我们推测相关基因起源于一个祖先基因，编码一个分泌型核糖核酸酶，通过重复的DNA驱动过程连续复制，并在禾本科和谷物白粉病谱系的进化过程中多样化。
Protein effectors of pathogenicity are instrumental in modulating host immunity and disease resistance. The powdery mildew pathogen of grasses Blumeria graminis causes one of the most important diseases of cereal crops. B. graminis is an obligate biotrophic pathogen and as such has an absolute requirement to suppress or avoid host immunity if it is to survive and cause disease. Here we characterise a superfamily predicted to be the full complement of Candidates for Secreted Effector Proteins (CSEPs) in the fungal barley powdery mildew parasite B. graminis f.sp. hordei. The 491 genes encoding these proteins constitute over 7% of this pathogen’s annotated genes and most were grouped into 72 families of up to 59 members. They were predominantly expressed in the intracellular feeding structures called haustoria, and proteins specifically associated with the haustoria were identified by large-scale mass spectrometry-based proteomics. There are two major types of effector families: one comprises shorter proteins (100–150 amino acids), with a high relative expression level in the haustoria and evidence of extensive diversifying selection between paralogs; the second type consists of longer proteins (300–400 amino acids), with lower levels of differential expression and evidence of purifying selection between paralogs. An analysis of the predicted protein structures underscores their overall similarity to known fungal effectors, but also highlights unexpected structural affinities to ribonucleases throughout the entire effector super-family. Candidate effector genes belonging to the same family are loosely clustered in the genome and are associated with repetitive DNA derived from retro-transposons. We employed the full complement of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses as well as structural prediction methods to identify and characterize the members of the CSEPs superfamily in B. graminis f.sp. hordei. Based on relative intron position and the distribution of CSEPs with a ribonuclease-like domain in the phylogenetic tree we hypothesize that the associated genes originated from an ancestral gene, encoding a secreted ribonuclease, duplicated successively by repetitive DNA-driven processes and diversified during the evolution of the grass and cereal powdery mildew lineage.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Godfrey, Dale;Bohlenius, Henrik;Thordal-Christensen, Hans
通讯作者：
Thordal-Christensen, Hans
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Godfrey, Dale;Zhang, Ziguo;Thordal-Christensen, Hans
通讯作者：
Thordal-Christensen, Hans
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Hacquard, Stephane;Joly, David L.;Duplessis, Sebastien
通讯作者：
Duplessis, Sebastien
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Boutemy, Laurence S.;King, Stuart R. F.;Banfield, Mark J.
通讯作者：
Banfield, Mark J.
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Ceroni, Alessio;Passerini, Andrea;Vullo, Alessandro;Frasconi, Paolo
通讯作者：
Frasconi, Paolo