The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: from development to deep time.
The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: from development to deep time.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0254
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发表时间：
2014-08-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Polly PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goswami A;Smaers JB;Soligo C;Polly PD
表型整合是生物体普遍存在的特征。许多分析表明，表型整合的模式在大的支系中是保守的，但也存在显著的差异。例如，与不同哺乳动物生殖策略相关的异时转变反映在颅后骨骼整合和骨化的协调上。表型整合和模块化被假设为塑造形态进化，我们扩展了模拟以证实性状整合可以影响对选择的反应的轨迹和大小。我们进一步证明，表型整合可以产生比随机游走模型下预期的更多和更少的不同有机体，这是通过在首选方向上重新划分差异来实现的。这种效应也可以预期有利于同质性和趋同进化。对食肉动物头盖骨的新的经验分析表明，进化速度相反，不受表型整合的强烈影响，并且与形态差异几乎没有关系，这表明表型整合可能塑造进化变化的方向，但不一定决定进化的速度。尽管如此，表型整合对于形态时钟来说是有问题的，应该更广泛地纳入寻求准确重建特征和生物进化的模型中。
Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but that significant variation also exists. For example, heterochronic shifts related to different mammalian reproductive strategies are reflected in postcranial skeletal integration and in coordination of bone ossification. Phenotypic integration and modularity have been hypothesized to shape morphological evolution, and we extended simulations to confirm that trait integration can influence both the trajectory and magnitude of response to selection. We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration can produce both more and less disparate organisms than would be expected under random walk models by repartitioning variance in preferred directions. This effect can also be expected to favour homoplasy and convergent evolution. New empirical analyses of the carnivoran cranium show that rates of evolution, in contrast, are not strongly influenced by phenotypic integration and show little relationship to morphological disparity, suggesting that phenotypic integration may shape the direction of evolutionary change, but not necessarily the speed of it. Nonetheless, phenotypic integration is problematic for morphological clocks and should be incorporated more widely into models that seek to accurately reconstruct both trait and organismal evolution.
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