Why Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are so different? A tale of two clades and their species diversities.
Why Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are so different? A tale of two clades and their species diversities.
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间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫为何如此不同？两个进化支及其物种多样性的故事。
DOI：
10.1186/s12936-022-04130-9
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发表时间：
2022-05-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Pacheco, M. Andreina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Escalante, Ananias A.;Cepeda, Axl S.;Pacheco, M. Andreina
关键词：
全球疟疾负担有时掩盖了疟原虫属包括不同的分支，其谱系独立地起源于现存的人类寄生虫。事实上，人类疟疾寄生虫之间的差异在经典分类学中被强调，将它们分为两个亚属，即疟原虫亚属，其中包括所有人类寄生虫，但恶性疟原虫被置于其单独的亚属Laverania中。在这里，灵长类动物中疟原虫的进化将讨论其物种多样性和它们的一些独特的表型，假定的分子适应，和宿主-寄生虫生物群落。因此，除了使用基因组水平的数据，一些特定的分子特征将讨论这些寄生虫如何分歧的例子。在灵长类动物中发现的疟原虫的两个亚属，疟原虫和Laverania，反映了起源于非洲的现存单系群。然而，疟原虫亚属涉及东南亚的物种，这些物种可能是适应性辐射的结果。这些事件导致了间日疟原虫谱系。虽然包括恶性疟原虫在内的拉韦拉尼亚属物种被认为具有“鸟类特征”，但灵长类和鸟类寄生虫共同祖先中可能存在的分子特征有时会保留在疟原虫亚属中，而在拉韦拉尼亚属中丢失。评估灵长类疟疾分支的分子特征是如何起源的是一个基本的科学问题，可能会为干预提供新的目标。然而，由于疟原虫属是并系的（一些后代群体是在其他属），了解疟疾寄生虫的进化将受益于研究“非疟原虫”血孢子虫。
The global malaria burden sometimes obscures that the genus Plasmodium comprises diverse clades with lineages that independently gave origin to the extant human parasites. Indeed, the differences between the human malaria parasites were highlighted in the classical taxonomy by dividing them into two subgenera, the subgenus Plasmodium, which included all the human parasites but Plasmodium falciparum that was placed in its separate subgenus, Laverania. Here, the evolution of Plasmodium in primates will be discussed in terms of their species diversity and some of their distinct phenotypes, putative molecular adaptations, and host–parasite biocenosis. Thus, in addition to a current phylogeny using genome-level data, some specific molecular features will be discussed as examples of how these parasites have diverged. The two subgenera of malaria parasites found in primates, Plasmodium and Laverania, reflect extant monophyletic groups that originated in Africa. However, the subgenus Plasmodium involves species in Southeast Asia that were likely the result of adaptive radiation. Such events led to the Plasmodium vivax lineage. Although the Laverania species, including P. falciparum, has been considered to share “avian characteristics,” molecular traits that were likely in the common ancestor of primate and avian parasites are sometimes kept in the Plasmodium subgenus while being lost in Laverania. Assessing how molecular traits in the primate malaria clades originated is a fundamental science problem that will likely provide new targets for interventions. However, given that the genus Plasmodium is paraphyletic (some descendant groups are in other genera), understanding the evolution of malaria parasites will benefit from studying “non-Plasmodium” Haemosporida.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Cepeda, Axl S.;Pacheco, M. Andreina;Matta, Nubia E.
通讯作者：
Matta, Nubia E.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Brazier AJ;Avril M;Bernabeu M;Benjamin M;Smith JD
通讯作者：
Smith JD
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Araujo SB;Braga MP;Brooks DR;Agosta SJ;Hoberg EP;von Hartenthal FW;Boeger WA
通讯作者：
Boeger WA
影响因子：
34.3
作者：
Brasil, Patricia;Zalis, Mariano Gustavo;Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu
通讯作者：
Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu
影响因子：
36.8
作者：
COGSWELL, FB
通讯作者：
COGSWELL, FB