A 3D subject-specific model of the spinal subarachnoid space with anatomically realistic ventral and dorsal spinal cord nerve rootlets.
A 3D subject-specific model of the spinal subarachnoid space with anatomically realistic ventral and dorsal spinal cord nerve rootlets.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12987-017-0085-y
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发表时间：
2017-12-19
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Martin BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sass LR;Khani M;Natividad GC;Tubbs RS;Baledent O;Martin BA
脊髓蛛网膜下腔（SSS）具有复杂的三维充满液体的几何结构，具有多层次的解剖复杂性，最显著的特征是脊髓和背侧和腹侧神经根。这些特征的精确拟人化表示需要用于开发脑脊液（CSF）动力学的体外和数值模型，这些模型可用于通知和优化基于CSF的治疗。基于高分辨率解剖MRI构建了特定受试者的SSS 3D模型。一名专业操作员在详细考虑解剖结构的情况下完成了CSF空间的手动分割。根据文献中的磁共振（MR）成像和尸体测量的解剖参考，将31对半理想化的背侧和腹侧神经根（NR）添加到模型中。每对NR的关键设计标准包括根线、下降角、NR数量、沿着脊髓的连接位置和通过硬脑膜的出口。进行模型简化和平滑，以产生具有最少顶点的最终模型，同时保持原始分割和最终设计之间的最小误差。最终模型的几何形状和流体力学的特征在于轴向分布的雷诺数，Womersley数，水力直径，横截面积和周长。最终模型共有139，901个顶点，SSS内的总CSF体积为97.3 cm 3。硬脑膜、脊髓和NR的体积分别为123.1、19.9和5.8 cm 3。这些特征的表面积分别为318.52、112.2和232.1 cm 2。最大雷诺数为174.9，平均Womersley数为9.6，可能表明存在层流惯性主导的振荡CSF流场。本研究详细介绍了一个解剖学上逼真的拟人化三维模型的SSS的基础上，高分辨率的MR成像的健康人类成年女性。该模型可在知识共享署名-相同方式共享4.0国际许可（CC BY-SA 4.0）下重复使用，并可用作开发CSF动力学体外和数值模型的工具，用于设计和优化鞘内治疗。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s12987-017-0085-y）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The spinal subarachnoid space (SSS) has a complex 3D fluid-filled geometry with multiple levels of anatomic complexity, the most salient features being the spinal cord and dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets. An accurate anthropomorphic representation of these features is needed for development of in vitro and numerical models of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics that can be used to inform and optimize CSF-based therapeutics. A subject-specific 3D model of the SSS was constructed based on high-resolution anatomic MRI. An expert operator completed manual segmentation of the CSF space with detailed consideration of the anatomy. 31 pairs of semi-idealized dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets (NR) were added to the model based on anatomic reference to the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cadaveric measurements in the literature. Key design criteria for each NR pair included the radicular line, descending angle, number of NR, attachment location along the spinal cord and exit through the dura mater. Model simplification and smoothing was performed to produce a final model with minimum vertices while maintaining minimum error between the original segmentation and final design. Final model geometry and hydrodynamics were characterized in terms of axial distribution of Reynolds number, Womersley number, hydraulic diameter, cross-sectional area and perimeter. The final model had a total of 139,901 vertices with a total CSF volume within the SSS of 97.3 cm3. Volume of the dura mater, spinal cord and NR was 123.1, 19.9 and 5.8 cm3. Surface area of these features was 318.52, 112.2 and 232.1 cm2 respectively. Maximum Reynolds number was 174.9 and average Womersley number was 9.6, likely indicating presence of a laminar inertia-dominated oscillatory CSF flow field. This study details an anatomically realistic anthropomorphic 3D model of the SSS based on high-resolution MR imaging of a healthy human adult female. The model is provided for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be used as a tool for development of in vitro and numerical models of CSF dynamics for design and optimization of intrathecal therapeutics. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12987-017-0085-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cheng, Shaokoon;Stoodley, Marcus A.;Bilston, Lynne E.
通讯作者：
Bilston, Lynne E.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Alperin, N.;Bagci, A. M.;Lam, B. L.
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Lam, B. L.
DOI：
10.1115/1.4005849
发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Balédent, O;Henry-Feugeas, MCC;Idy-Peretti, I
通讯作者：
Idy-Peretti, I