Reinforcer pathology in cocaine use disorder: Temporal window determines cocaine valuation.
Reinforcer pathology in cocaine use disorder: Temporal window determines cocaine valuation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108795
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bickel WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snider SE;Turner JK;McClure SM;Bickel WK
实验医学方法提供了一个独特的视角来确定临床行为的变化，通过参与一个目标的原因障碍。目前的工作涉及一种新的成瘾目标，强化病理学，在两项研究中测试可卡因使用障碍个体的行为变化。在研究1中，n=44参与者从事的时间窗口与情节未来思维（EFT），积极的前瞻性练习。分别使用延迟折扣和行为经济需求测试时间视图和可卡因估值的变化。此外，一个计算模型评估了EFT过程中对近视和远视系统的相对依赖。在研究2中，n=71从事的时间窗口与负价飓风的情况下，测试窗口长度和可卡因估值的相反影响。结果表明，系统和对称的行为目标的参与。研究1有力地复制了以前的工作，其中EFT延长了时间窗口，降低了可卡因的价值。此外，EFT增加了模型化的远见系统的权重，增加了长期贴现决策的相对影响。研究2产生了相反的结果，缩短了时间窗，增加了可卡因的价值。这种对操纵的近似相等和相反的反应支持了更高的病理学理论，并暗示了时间窗口，在该时间窗口上，奖励被视为被推和拉的目标，以产生临床上有意义的行为变化。以实验医学方法为指导，未来的工作应确定新的潜在干预措施，以参与肿瘤病理学，并使用临床相关结果作为机制的试金石。
The Experimental Medicine Approach offers a unique perspective to determine clinical behavior change by engaging a target underlying the cause of a disorder. The present work engaged a novel target of addiction, Reinforcer Pathology, in two studies to test changes in behavior among individuals with cocaine use disorder. In Study 1, n=44 participants engaged the temporal window with episodic future thinking (EFT), a positive prospection exercise. Changes in temporal view and cocaine valuation were tested using delay discounting and behavioral economic demand, respectively. Additionally, a computational model assessed the relative reliance on the near- and far-sighted systems during EFT. In Study 2, n=71 engaged the temporal window with a negatively-valenced hurricane scenario to test the opposite effects on window length and cocaine valuation. Results demonstrated systematic and symmetrical engagement of the behavioral target. Study 1 robustly replicated previous work, wherein EFT lengthened the temporal window and decreased cocaine valuation. Moreover, EFT increased the weighting of the modeled far-sighted system, increasing the relative impact of long-term discounting decisions. Study 2 produced opposite outcomes, shortened temporal window and increased cocaine valuation. This approximately equal and opposite reaction to the manipulations supports reinforcer pathology theory and implicates the temporal window over which rewards are valued as a target to be pushed and pulled to produce clinically meaningful behavior change. Using the Experimental Medicine Approach as a guide, future work should identify new potential interventions to engage reinforcer pathology and use the clinically relevant outcomes as a litmus test for mechanism.
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13535
发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amlung M;Vedelago L;Acker J;Balodis I;MacKillop J
通讯作者：
MacKillop J
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bickel, Warren K.;Landes, Reid D.;Christensen, Darren R.;Jackson, Lisa;Jones, Bryan A.;Kurth-Nelson, Zeb;Redish, A. David
通讯作者：
Redish, A. David
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
MacKillop, James;Amlung, Michael T.;Few, Lauren R.;Ray, Lara A.;Sweet, Lawrence H.;Munafo, Marcus R.
通讯作者：
Munafo, Marcus R.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Franck, Christopher T.;Bickel, Warren K.
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Bickel, Warren K.
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.