Single- and cross-commodity discounting among cocaine addicts: the commodity and its temporal location determine discounting rate.
Single- and cross-commodity discounting among cocaine addicts: the commodity and its temporal location determine discounting rate.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2272-x
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Redish, A. David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickel, Warren K.;Landes, Reid D.;Christensen, Darren R.;Jackson, Lisa;Jones, Bryan A.;Kurth-Nelson, Zeb;Redish, A. David
关键词：
跨期选择为了解成瘾、预测药物依赖状态和治疗干预的结果提供了重要的见解。然而，这种分析在很大程度上是基于对单一商品的选择，要么是立即获得的，要么是以后获得的(例如，现在的货币与以后的货币)。在现实生活中，对那些上瘾的人来说，重要的选择取决于对各种商品的决定，比如在药物和非药物增强剂之间做出决定。到目前为止，还没有发表的研究系统地评估了使用一种药物和一种非药物商品的所有组合的跨期选择。在这项研究中，我们考察了可卡因依赖者决策过程中跨期选择和商品类型之间的交互作用。这项对47名寻求治疗的可卡因成瘾者的研究分析了两种商品的跨期选择(等量的可卡因和金钱)，特别是在现在可卡因和以后的可卡因(C-C)、现在的可卡因和以后的钱(M-M)、现在的可卡因和以后的钱(C-M)和现在的钱和以后的可卡因(M-C)之间的选择。可卡因成瘾者在C-C条件下的折扣明显高于M-M条件下的折扣(P=0.032)，这与以前的报告一致。重要的是，这两种跨商品贴现条件产生了不同的结果。C-M折扣率介于C-C和M-M汇率之间，而M-C折扣率最大。这些数据表明，所提供的商品菜单在跨期选择中改变了折扣率，当药物是较晚可获得的商品时，折扣率最大。对理解跨期选择和成瘾的含义进行了讨论。
Intertemporal choice has provided important insights into understanding addiction, predicted drug-dependence status, and outcomes of treatment interventions. However, such analyses have largely been based on the choice of a single commodity available either immediately or later (e.g., money now vs. money later). In real life, important choices for those with addiction depend on making decisions across commodities, such as between drug and non-drug reinforcers. To date, no published study has systematically evaluated intertemporal choice using all combinations of a drug and a non-drug commodity. In this study, we examine the interaction between intertemporal choice and commodity type in the decision-making process of cocaine-dependent individuals. This study of 47 treatment-seeking cocaine addicts analyzes intertemporal choices of two commodities (equated amounts of cocaine and money), specifically between cocaine now vs. cocaine later (C-C), money now vs. money later (M-M), cocaine now vs. money later (C-M), and money now vs. cocaine later (M-C). Cocaine addicts discounted significantly more in the C-C condition than in M-M (P=0.032), consistent with previous reports. Importantly, the two cross-commodity discounting conditions produced different results. Discounting in C-M was intermediate to the C-C and M-M rates, while the greatest degree of discounting occurred in M-C. These data indicate that the menu of commodities offered alter discounting rates in intertemporal choice and that the greatest rate is obtained when the drug is the later available commodity. Implications for understanding intertemporal choices and addiction are addressed.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Bickel WK;Mueller ET
通讯作者：
Mueller ET
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
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Bickel, WK
影响因子：
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作者：
Kable, Joseph W.;Glimcher, Paul W.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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