The early inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates positional effects in floral organ growth and meristem patterning.
The early inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates positional effects in floral organ growth and meristem patterning.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00497-017-0320-3
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Thomas SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plackett ARG;Powers SJ;Phillips AL;Wilson ZA;Hedden P;Thomas SG
线性建模的方法检测到显着的梯度器官生长和图案在早期的花的拟南芥花序和发现的证据，赤霉素在花发育中的新作用。大多数开花植物，包括遗传模型拟南芥，从生殖枝顶端依次产生多个花以形成花穗（花序）。拟南芥花序上单个花的发育通常被认为是高度定型和均匀的，但这种假设与仅在早期花中可见的表型突变体的存在相矛盾。这种现象是由植物激素赤霉素（GA）的生物合成中部分受损的突变体证明的，其中花器官生长在第一朵花中被延迟，但在第10朵花中自发地恢复。我们目前缺乏系统的数据，从多个花整个拟南芥花序来解释这种变化。使用GA 20-氧化酶（GA 20 ox）GA生物合成基因家族的突变体来操纵内源GA水平，我们研究了在早期拟南芥花序（花1-10）中改变花器官生长的动态。花器官长度的建模确定了一个显着的，GA-独立的梯度增加雄蕊长度相对于雌蕊在野生型花序，可从其他，GA-依赖的影响。还发现，第一花表现出不稳定的器官图案，在后来的花，这种不稳定性延长外源GA处理。这些研究结果表明，个体花的发育是由迄今为止未知的因素影响整个花序，也表明新的功能GA在花图案。本文的在线版本（10.1007/s 00497 -017-0320-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Linear modelling approaches detected significant gradients in organ growth and patterning across early flowers of the Arabidopsis inflorescence and uncovered evidence of new roles for gibberellin in floral development. Most flowering plants, including the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, produce multiple flowers in sequence from a reproductive shoot apex to form a flower spike (inflorescence). The development of individual flowers on an Arabidopsis inflorescence has typically been considered as highly stereotypical and uniform, but this assumption is contradicted by the existence of mutants with phenotypes visible in early flowers only. This phenomenon is demonstrated by mutants partially impaired in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), in which floral organ growth is retarded in the first flowers to be produced but has recovered spontaneously by the 10th flower. We presently lack systematic data from multiple flowers across the Arabidopsis inflorescence to explain such changes. Using mutants of the GA 20-OXIDASE (GA20ox) GA biosynthesis gene family to manipulate endogenous GA levels, we investigated the dynamics of changing floral organ growth across the early Arabidopsis inflorescence (flowers 1–10). Modelling of floral organ lengths identified a significant, GA-independent gradient of increasing stamen length relative to the pistil in the wild-type inflorescence that was separable from other, GA-dependent effects. It was also found that the first flowers exhibited unstable organ patterning in contrast to later flowers and that this instability was prolonged by exogenous GA treatment. These findings indicate that the development of individual flowers is influenced by hitherto unknown factors acting across the inflorescence and also suggest novel functions for GA in floral patterning. The online version of this article (10.1007/s00497-017-0320-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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