Current concepts of ethanol dependence.
Current concepts of ethanol dependence.
复制标题
乙醇依赖的当前概念。
作者：
J. Littleton;Hilary J. Little
Alcohol dependence is considered to be divisible into two types (although the divisions between these are indistinct). These are psychological dependence, in which the rewarding effects of alcohol play a primary role, and chemical dependence, in which adaptive changes in the brain initiate punishing effects on withdrawal of alcohol, and suppression of these becomes the primary motive for using the drug. The neurochemical basis for the rewarding effects of alcohol may be the potentiation of GABA at GABAA receptors (causing relaxation) and release of dopamine from mesolimbic neurones (causing euphoria). The adaptive changes which cause the alcohol withdrawal syndrome are not known for certain, but alterations in GABAA receptors, NMDA receptors and voltage-operated calcium channels all have a claim. However, it is distinctly doubtful whether these all contribute to the negatively reinforcing effects of alcohol that are important in chemical dependence, although they may be important in other pathological effects of alcohol abuse. Current research badly needs better communication between basic scientists and clinicians to establish research goals and to improve current models.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
K. Iorio;Leslie Reinlib;B. Tabakoff;P. Hoffman
通讯作者：
K. Iorio;Leslie Reinlib;B. Tabakoff;P. Hoffman
DOI：
10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81060-x
发表时间：
1988-08-30
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
CHARNESS, ME;QUERIMIT, LA;HENTELEFF, M
通讯作者：
HENTELEFF, M
酒精滥用和依赖中对酒精的渴望的强迫性特征。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01375.x
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Modell,JG;Glaser,FB;Cyr,L;Mountz,JM
通讯作者：
Mountz,JM
慢性酗酒者的耐受性和交叉耐受性：乙醇和其他药物的膜结合减少。
DOI：
10.1126/science.6264608
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rottenberg,H;Waring,A;Rubin,E
通讯作者：
Rubin,E
在大鼠内侧间隔区，乙醇对γ-氨基丁酸介导的神经活动的抑制作用具有位点特异性增强作用。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Givens,BS;Breese,GR
通讯作者：
Breese,GR