Aging-related limit of exercise efficacy on motor decline.
Aging-related limit of exercise efficacy on motor decline.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0188538
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Salvatore MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold JC;Cantu MA;Kasanga EA;Nejtek VA;Papa EV;Bugnariu N;Salvatore MF
鉴于退休人员数量不断增加和预期寿命的延长，确定减少与衰老相关的运动障碍的生活方式策略和相关神经生物学机制势在必行。老年前积极锻炼的生活方式可以降低运动能力下降的风险。然而，如果在生命周期中运动能力开始衰退后开始运动，则尚不清楚衰老本身是否会限制运动功效以减缓与衰老相关的运动能力进一步衰退。在 Brown-Norway/Fischer 344 F1 杂交 (BNF) 大鼠中，运动活动在中年（12-18 个月）开始下降。与衰老相关的运动能力下降的机制之一可能是 GDNF 家族受体 GFRα-1 的表达减少，该受体在 12 至 30 个月大的黑质 (SN) 中表达减少。从 18 个月大开始进行适度运动，可在 2 个月内增加黑质 GFRα-1 和酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH) 的表达。在老年大鼠中，补充 SN 中与衰老相关的 GFRα-1 损失会增加 SN 中的 TH 和运动活动。在一项纵向研究中，在久坐的雄性 BNF 大鼠中开始了适度的运动方案，以评估在生命后半期的两个不同年龄（18 或 24 个月大）开始运动是否可以减轻与衰老相关的运动衰退。运动能力下降在 18 个月大的群体中得到逆转，但在 24 个月大的群体中却没有。然而，当大鼠达到 27 个月大时，18 个月大组的运动效果下降。两个队列中的 GFRα-1 表达均未增加。这些研究表明，在生命的后半段开始锻炼可以减缓运动衰退，但其功效可能会受到开始年龄的限制。运动后 GFRα-1 表达的可塑性降低可能会限制其逆转运动能力下降的功效。
Identifying lifestyle strategies and allied neurobiological mechanisms that reduce aging-related motor impairment is imperative, given the accelerating number of retirees and increased life expectancy. A physically active lifestyle prior to old age can reduce risk of debilitating motor decline. However, if exercise is initiated after motor decline has begun in the lifespan, it is unknown if aging itself may impose a limit on exercise efficacy to decelerate further aging-related motor decline. In Brown-Norway/Fischer 344 F1 hybrid (BNF) rats, locomotor activity begins to decrease in middle age (12–18 months). One mechanism of aging-related motor decline may be decreased expression of GDNF family receptor, GFRα-1, which is decreased in substantia nigra (SN) between 12 and 30 months old. Moderate exercise, beginning at 18 months old, increases nigral GFRα-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression within 2 months. In aged rats, replenishing aging-related loss of GFRα-1 in SN increases TH in SN alone and locomotor activity. A moderate exercise regimen was initiated in sedentary male BNF rats in a longitudinal study to evaluate if exercise could attenuate aging-related motor decline when initiated at two different ages in the latter half of the lifespan (18 or 24 months old). Motor decline was reversed in the 18-, but not 24-month-old, cohort. However, exercise efficacy in the 18-month-old group was reduced as the rats reached 27 months old. GFRα-1 expression was not increased in either cohort. These studies suggest exercise can decelerate motor decline when begun in the latter half of the lifespan, but its efficacy may be limited by age of initiation. Decreased plasticity of GFRα-1 expression following exercise may limit its efficacy to reverse motor decline.
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作者：
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