Nutrition, Cognition, and Social Emotion among Preschoolers in Poor, Rural Areas of South Central China: Status and Correlates.
Nutrition, Cognition, and Social Emotion among Preschoolers in Poor, Rural Areas of South Central China: Status and Correlates.
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中南贫困农村学龄前儿童营养、认知、社会情感的现状及相关因素
DOI：
10.3390/nu13041322
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发表时间：
2021-04-16
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Alderman H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen K;Liu C;Liu X;Wang Z;Luo R;Li S;Yu Y;Alderman H
现有的经验证据表明，在偏远和贫困的农村地区，中国儿童营养不良的发生率仍然很高。虽然有证据表明，营养不良可能会对儿童的发育产生不良影响，但针对中国农村学龄前儿童的研究却很少。本研究以中国农村贫困地区学龄前儿童为研究对象，采用免费营养午餐试点项目基线调查的方法，探讨了儿童营养不良与儿童生长发育的关系。我们于2018年9月在中国中南部的湖南省进行了基线调查。本研究以湖南省两个国家级贫困县的1293名学龄前儿童为研究对象。儿童的营养状况采用身高-年龄z评分、体重-年龄z评分和贫血进行测量，而他们的认知和社会情感技能分别采用韦氏学前和初级智力量表（WPPSI）和优势和困难问卷（SDQ）进行评估。我们发现，33%的样本学龄前儿童贫血，而发育迟缓和浪费的发病率分别为11%和2%。大约54%的样本儿童在本研究中测量的至少一个发展领域中存在延迟。我们的研究结果提供了暗示性证据，支持来自某些背景的儿童往往比同龄人经历更差的营养和发育结果。在控制了社会经济地位后，我们观察到贫血和发育迟缓与儿童的认知表现呈负相关;然而，它们与社会情感表现无关。因此，这项研究表明，免费午餐计划有可能改变儿童在学龄前的发展轨迹。我们相信，我们的研究结果将有助于围绕营养午餐计划在中国是否应该扩大到学前教育水平的辩论。
Existing empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of undernutrition in remote and poor, rural areas is still high among Chinese children. While evidence reveals that undernutrition may detrimentally affect child development, studies focusing on rural Chinese preschoolers are sparse. Using the baseline survey of a preschool’s free nutritious lunch pilot program, this study examined the relationship between child undernutrition and developmental outcomes among a preschool-aged sample in poor, rural areas of China. We conducted the baseline survey in Hunan province in south central China in September 2018. A total of 1293 preschoolers living in two (then) nationally designated poverty counties in rural Hunan served as our study sample. Children’s nutritional statuses were measured using height-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and anemia, while their cognitive and socio-emotional skills were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. We find that 33% of sample preschoolers were anemic, whereas the incidences of stunting and wasting were 11% and 2%, respectively. About 54% of the sample children had delay in at least one of the developmental domains measured in this study. Our findings provide suggestive evidence supporting that children from certain backgrounds tend to experience worse nutritional and developmental outcomes than their counterparts. After controlling for socioeconomic status, we observed that both anemia and stunting were negatively associated with children’s cognitive performance; however, they were not associated with socio-emotional performance. As such, this study suggests that free lunch programs have the potential to change children’s developmental trajectory in preschool. We believe that our results will contribute to the debate surrounding whether the nutritious lunch program in China should be expanded to the preschool education level.
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