Volatile metabolites of pathogens: a systematic review.
Volatile metabolites of pathogens: a systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003311
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发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Schultz MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bos LD;Sterk PJ;Schultz MJ
理想的情况是，在危重患者中尽早发现入侵细菌：迅速确定致病病原体菌株，在开始新的抗菌药物治疗之前就很好地了解抗菌药物敏感性。细菌具有独特的代谢，其中一部分代谢导致细菌特异性挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的产生，这可能用于诊断目的。挥发性代谢物可以在呼出的空气中直接调查，允许无创监测。本文综述了脓毒症中数量最多、致病性最强的六种细菌，包括金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠杆菌产生的挥发性有机化合物。这些挥发性有机化合物可作为危重症患者的生物标志物。对现有文献的系统回顾显示了31篇文章。所有感兴趣的六种细菌产生异戊醇、甲醛、甲基硫醇和三甲胺。由于人类不产生这些挥发性有机化合物，它们可以作为这些病原体存在的生物标志物。发现了以下挥发性生物标志物用于鉴定特定菌株：金黄色葡萄球菌的异戊酸和2-甲基丁醛；铜绿假单胞菌的1-十一烯、2,4-二甲基-1-庚烷、2-丁酮、4-甲基喹唑啉、氰化氢和甲基硫氰化物；甲醇、戊醇、乙酸乙酯和吲哚用于大肠杆菌。值得注意的是，可能影响挥发性有机化合物产生的几个因素没有得到控制，包括使用的培养基、细菌生长阶段和菌株内的基因组变异。综上所述，细菌产生的挥发性有机化合物可作为其存在的生物标记物。应开展目标明确的研究，以确定潜在的挥发性生物标志物，并评估这些标志物在危重患者中的诊断准确性。
Ideally, invading bacteria are detected as early as possible in critically ill patients: the strain of morbific pathogens is identified rapidly, and antimicrobial sensitivity is known well before the start of new antimicrobial therapy. Bacteria have a distinct metabolism, part of which results in the production of bacteria-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which might be used for diagnostic purposes. Volatile metabolites can be investigated directly in exhaled air, allowing for noninvasive monitoring. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of VOCs produced by the six most abundant and pathogenic bacteria in sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Such VOCs could be used as biological markers in the diagnostic approach of critically ill patients. A systematic review of existing literature revealed 31 articles. All six bacteria of interest produce isopentanol, formaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, and trimethylamine. Since humans do not produce these VOCs, they could serve as biological markers for presence of these pathogens. The following volatile biomarkers were found for identification of specific strains: isovaleric acid and 2-methyl-butanal for Staphylococcus aureus; 1-undecene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptane, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-quinazoline, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl thiocyanide for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and methanol, pentanol, ethyl acetate, and indole for Escherichia coli. Notably, several factors that may effect VOC production were not controlled for, including used culture media, bacterial growth phase, and genomic variation within bacterial strains. In conclusion, VOCs produced by bacteria may serve as biological markers for their presence. Goal-targeted studies should be performed to identify potential sets of volatile biological markers and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these markers in critically ill patients.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84068-2
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
影响因子：
--
作者：
DAVIES, TJ;HAYWARD, NJ
通讯作者：
HAYWARD, NJ
DOI：
10.1183/1025448x.00018509
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
EXHALED BIOMARKERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amann, A.;Miekisch, W.;Schubert, J.
通讯作者：
Schubert, J.
影响因子：
15
作者：
Carey, James R.;Suslick, Kenneth S.;Hulkower, Keren I.;Imlay, James A.;Imlay, Karin R. C.;Ingison, Crystal K.;Ponder, Jennifer B.;Sen, Avijit;Wittrig, Aaron E.
通讯作者：
Wittrig, Aaron E.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dolch, M. E.;Frey, L.;Schelling, G.
通讯作者：
Schelling, G.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Filipiak W;Sponring A;Baur MM;Filipiak A;Ager C;Wiesenhofer H;Nagl M;Troppmair J;Amann A
通讯作者：
Amann A