Molecular and cellular mechanisms of sperm-oocyte interactions opinions relative to in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of sperm-oocyte interactions opinions relative to in vitro fertilization (IVF).
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms150712972
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发表时间：
2014-07-22
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Messinis I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anifandis G;Messini C;Dafopoulos K;Sotiriou S;Messinis I
怀孕的最大先决条件之一是受精步骤，即人类单倍体精子相互作用并穿透一个单倍体卵母细胞，以产生二倍体受精卵。虽然受精的定义是两个原核的存在和第二极体的提取，但过程本身需要在特定的时间为受精准备两个配子。这些准备包括在特定分子的帮助下以及两个配子之间相应的相互作用下的一些连续的生化和分子事件。这些事件在三个不同的层面上以精确的顺序发生，运动的精子穿过(A)卵母细胞的外层，称为卵丘细胞层；(B)透明带；顶体内容物发生胞吐作用；(C)精子与卵母细胞质膜的直接相互作用，涉及精子头部与卵母细胞质膜的牢固粘连，最终导致精子膜和卵细胞膜的融合(第一部分)。在上述相互作用之后，启动了一系列分子信号转导，从而导致卵母细胞的激活。在第一个精子进入卵母细胞并激活后不久，卵母细胞的外壳(ZP)和卵母细胞的质膜似乎迅速变化，以启动对第二个精子的快速阻断(第二部分)。有时，两个精子与一个卵母细胞融合，发生率为1%-2%，导致多倍体胎儿占自然流产人类受精卵的10%-20%。本文主要介绍人类精子与卵母细胞相互作用的第一部分，重点介绍控制这一过程的最新分子和细胞机制。
One of the biggest prerequisites for pregnancy is the fertilization step, where a human haploid spermatozoon interacts and penetrates one haploid oocyte in order to produce the diploid zygote. Although fertilization is defined by the presence of two pronuclei and the extraction of the second polar body the process itself requires preparation of both gametes for fertilization to take place at a specific time. These preparations include a number of consecutive biochemical and molecular events with the help of specific molecules and with the consequential interaction between the two gametes. These events take place at three different levels and in a precise order, where the moving spermatozoon penetrates (a) the outer vestments of the oocyte, known as the cumulus cell layer; (b) the zona pellucida (ZP); where exocytosis of the acrosome contents take place and (c) direct interaction of the spermatozoon with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, which involves a firm adhesion of the head of the spermatozoon with the oocyte plasma membrane that culminates with the fusion of both sperm and oocyte membranes (Part I). After the above interactions, a cascade of molecular signal transductions is initiated which results in oocyte activation. Soon after the entry of the first spermatozoon into the oocyte and oocyte activation, the oocyte’s coat (the ZP) and the oocyte’s plasma membrane seem to change quickly in order to initiate a fast block to a second spermatozoon (Part II). Sometimes, two spermatozoa fuse with one oocyte, an incidence of 1%–2%, resulting in polyploid fetuses that account for up to 10%–20% of spontaneously aborted human conceptuses. The present review aims to focus on the first part of the human sperm and oocyte interactions, emphasizing the latest molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling this process.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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