Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota.
Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010491
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
以前的报告显示，肠道细菌谱的改变与蠕虫感染的个体有关。我们最近发表的对泰国边境地区临床蠕虫病的分子调查显示，当Kato Katz显微镜和copro-qPCR诊断相结合时，感染流行率更全面。结果表明，该地区主要寄生虫为猫尾后睾吸虫、钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫。在目前的研究中，我们分析了这些蠕虫感染参与者的粪便和唾液微生物群，以确定微生物变化是否与寄生虫感染有关。来自Adisakwattana等人的66份粪便样本的子集，（2020）使用16 S rRNA基因分析表征了细菌多样性。在这些样本中，还对24个参与者匹配的唾液样本的子集进行了微生物群多样性分析。使用统计软件Calypso汇编序列数据，分配OTU，并分析多样性和丰度。这里报告的数据表明，蠕虫感染对宿主肠道和口腔微生物群都有影响。无论感染状态如何，粪便和唾液样本的特征均存在显著差异，唾液的α多样性更高（p值≤ 0.0015）。蠕虫感染影响粪便微生物群的特定类群，但不是整体的微生物α多样性。相反，与未感染个体相比，蠕虫感染与属（p值= 0.042）和门（p值= 0.026）分类群水平的唾液微生物群α多样性（Chao 1多样性指数）增加相关。在属和科的水平上注意到感染个体唾液中的个体分类群升高。由于猫尾后睾吸虫感染是泰国的一个突出健康问题，因此将该病原体与其他蠕虫感染分开检查。个人与O。灵猫单感染显示其粪便微生物群中存在的属的增加和减少，而在这些样品中还观察到三个科和一个目的增加。在这项研究中，蠕虫感染似乎改变了特定粪便细菌类群的丰度，但不影响整体细菌α或β多样性。此外，O.灵猫单感染个体与其他蠕虫单、二重感染不同。唾液微生物群分析的个人窝藏活跃的蠕虫感染的细菌α多样性和丰富的个人类群的水平增加。我们的数据表明，微生物的变化与蠕虫病在泰国的地方性地区，这是反映在粪便和唾液微生物群。据我们所知，这是第一份关于蠕虫感染者唾液微生物群改变的报告。这项工作可能会提供新的途径，以改善诊断;和蠕虫感染的病理学和蠕虫，细菌和它们的主机之间的相互作用的增强理解。在人类和动物中，已知微生物组会影响一般健康。最近，几项人体研究表明，肠道蠕虫感染增强了肠道微生物组的丰度和多样性，这可能会阻止宿主发生炎症性疾病。胃肠道蠕虫感染被认为主要影响宿主肠道的局部微生物组。由于蠕虫感染而导致的身体其他更远部位的微生物组重塑尚未研究。在这里，我们的特点是改变宿主肠道微生物群感染期间与主要的胃肠道蠕虫物种，包括O。viverrini、钩虫、A.蚯蚓和T.泰国农村人口中的trichiura。这些数据表明，蠕虫感染，包括O。viverrini，改变了宿主肠道中特定细菌分类群的丰度，但没有改变整体细菌多样性。相比之下，唾液微生物群在活动性蠕虫感染期间显示出改变的细菌丰富度和丰度。据我们所知，这些数据提供了第一个证据，表明肠道蠕虫感染不仅可能改变宿主肠道微生物群，而且还可能影响包括唾液在内的其他更外围区域的微生物群落。
Previous reports show altered gut bacterial profiles are associated with helminth infected individuals. Our recently published molecular survey of clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions demonstrated a more comprehensive picture of infection prevalence when Kato Katz microscopy and copro-qPCR diagnostics were combined. We revealed that Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were the most predominant helminth infections in these regions. In the current study, we have profiled the faecal and saliva microbiota of a subset of these helminth infected participants, in order to determine if microbial changes are associated with parasite infection. A subset of 66 faecal samples from Adisakwattana et al., (2020) were characterised for bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Of these samples a subset of 24 participant matched saliva samples were also profiled for microbiota diversity. Sequence data were compiled, OTUs assigned, and diversity and abundance analysed using the statistical software Calypso. The data reported here indicate that helminth infections impact on both the host gut and oral microbiota. The profiles of faecal and saliva samples, irrespective of the infection status, were considerably different from each other, with more alpha diversity associated with saliva (p-value≤ 0.0015). Helminth infection influenced the faecal microbiota with respect to specific taxa, but not overall microbial alpha diversity. Conversely, helminth infection was associated with increased saliva microbiota alpha diversity (Chao 1 diversity indices) at both the genus (p-value = 0.042) and phylum (p-value = 0.026) taxa levels, compared to uninfected individuals. Elevated individual taxa in infected individuals saliva were noted at the genus and family levels. Since Opisthorchis viverrini infections as a prominent health concern to Thailand, this pathogen was examined separately to other helminths infections present. Individuals with an O. viverrini mono-infection displayed both increases and decreases in genera present in their faecal microbiota, while increases in three families and one order were also observed in these samples. In this study, helminth infections appear to alter the abundance of specific faecal bacterial taxa, but do not impact on overall bacterial alpha or beta diversity. In addition, the faecal microbiota of O. viverrini only infected individuals differed from that of other helminth single and dual infections. Saliva microbiota analyses of individuals harbouring active helminth infections presented increased levels of both bacterial alpha diversity and abundance of individual taxa. Our data demonstrate that microbial change is associated with helminthiases in endemic regions of Thailand, and that this is reflected in both faecal and saliva microbiota. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an altered saliva microbiota in helminth infected individuals. This work may provide new avenues for improved diagnostics; and an enhanced understanding of both helminth infection pathology and the interplay between helminths, bacteria and their host. In both humans and animals, microbiomes are known to influence general health. Recently, several human studies demonstrated that intestinal helminth infections enhanced both the abundance and diversity of gut microbiomes, which may prevent the host from developing inflammatory diseases. Gastrointestinal helminth infections are considered to predominantly impact on the local microbiome of the host gut. Microbiome remodelling in other, more distant, parts of the body as a result of helminth infection has not been investigated. Here we characterized the alteration of host gut microbiota during infection with major gastrointestinal helminth species including, O. viverrini, hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura in rural populations of Thailand. The data indicate that helminth infections, including O. viverrini, altered the abundance of specific bacterial taxa in the host gut but not overall bacterial diversity. In contrast, the saliva microbiota displayed both altered bacterial richness and abundance during active helminth infections. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence that intestinal helminth infections may alter not only the host gut microbiota, but also influence microbial communities in other, more peripheral, regions including the saliva.
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