Astroglia in the Vulnerability to and Maintenance of Stress-Mediated Neuropathology and Depression.

Astroglia in the Vulnerability to and Maintenance of Stress-Mediated Neuropathology and Depression.
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星形胶质细胞对压力介导的神经病理学和抑郁症的脆弱性和维持。

DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2022.869779
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier
Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miguel-Hidalgo, Jose Javier

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显着的压力暴露和精神抑郁症与形态,生物化学和生理紊乱的星形胶质细胞在特定的大脑区域相关的这些疾病的病理生理学,表明星形胶质细胞参与的脆弱性或维持压力相关的神经病理学和抑郁症的机制。为了了解这些机制,各种研究探讨了各种应激暴露方式对星形胶质细胞代谢、基因表达和可塑性的影响。这些研究揭示了各种细胞通路的参与,例如细胞内钙调节、神经免疫应答、细胞外离子调节、基于间隙连接的细胞通讯以及神经递质和胶质递质释放和摄取的调节。最近,由于暴露于慢性形式的压力或早期生活逆境而引起的表观遗传修饰已被认为不仅影响神经元机制,而且影响星形胶质细胞和其他神经胶质细胞的基因表达和生理学。然而,仍有许多需要了解的具体作用,这些和其他修改的星形胶质细胞的贡献的脆弱性和维持压力相关的疾病和抑郁症,并利用这些知识,以实现更有效的精神病治疗。
Significant stress exposure and psychiatric depression are associated with morphological, biochemical, and physiological disturbances of astrocytes in specific brain regions relevant to the pathophysiology of those disorders, suggesting that astrocytes are involved in the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to or maintenance of stress-related neuropathology and depression. To understand those mechanisms a variety of studies have probed the effect of various modalities of stress exposure on the metabolism, gene expression and plasticity of astrocytes. These studies have uncovered the participation of various cellular pathways, such as those for intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, extracellular ionic regulation, gap junctions-based cellular communication, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. More recently epigenetic modifications resulting from exposure to chronic forms of stress or to early life adversity have been suggested to affect not only neuronal mechanisms but also gene expression and physiology of astrocytes and other glial cells. However, much remains to be learned to understand the specific role of those and other modifications in the astroglial contribution to the vulnerability to and maintenance of stress-related disorders and depression, and for leveraging that knowledge to achieve more effective psychiatric therapies.
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影响因子: 3.1
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