VIP-Expressing GABAergic Neurons: Disinhibitory vs. Inhibitory Motif and Its Role in Communication Across Neocortical Areas.
VIP-Expressing GABAergic Neurons: Disinhibitory vs. Inhibitory Motif and Its Role in Communication Across Neocortical Areas.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2022.811484
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Marchionni I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apicella AJ;Marchionni I
GABA能神经元在形成皮层活动中起着至关重要的作用。尽管GABA能神经元只占皮层神经元的一小部分，但其独特的形态和功能特性使其成为一项有趣且具有挑战性的研究任务。在这里，我们审查的基本解剖特征，电路特性，并在相关的行为任务中的一个亚类的GABA能神经元表达血管活性肠多肽（VIP）的可能作用。这些研究是使用转基因小鼠进行的，其中VIP表达神经元可以使用荧光蛋白和光遗传学操作来识别，以控制（或调节）它们的电活性。皮质VIP表达神经元在表层皮质层比其他皮质层更丰富，在那里它们主要被研究。在离体皮质制备中进行的光遗传和配对记录显示，VIP表达神经元主要对生长抑素表达（SOM）抑制性神经元发挥抑制作用，导致对兴奋性锥体神经元的去抑制作用。然而，这种GABA能神经元亚类也向其他GABA能和非GABA能神经元释放神经递质，这表明除去抑制作用外，还有其他可能的回路作用。VIP表达神经元的异质性也表明它们在不同功能期间通过局部和远端的GABA能和非GABA能神经元的抑制/去抑制而参与和募集，这取决于它们嵌入的特定局部回路，对动物的行为状态具有潜在影响。虽然VIP表达神经元仅代表皮层中GABA能抑制性神经元的一小部分，但这些神经元的选择性激活/失活可在动物中产生相关的行为效应。尽管对这一亚类GABA能神经元的发现和发现越来越多，但仍然有很多信息缺失，需要进行更多的研究来揭示它们在不同皮层层和不同新皮层区域的回路和行为水平上的作用。
GABAergic neurons play a crucial role in shaping cortical activity. Even though GABAergic neurons constitute a small fraction of cortical neurons, their peculiar morphology and functional properties make them an intriguing and challenging task to study. Here, we review the basic anatomical features, the circuit properties, and the possible role in the relevant behavioral task of a subclass of GABAergic neurons that express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). These studies were performed using transgenic mice in which the VIP-expressing neurons can be recognized using fluorescent proteins and optogenetic manipulation to control (or regulate) their electrical activity. Cortical VIP-expressing neurons are more abundant in superficial cortical layers than other cortical layers, where they are mainly studied. Optogenetic and paired recordings performed in ex vivo cortical preparations show that VIP-expressing neurons mainly exert their inhibitory effect onto somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory neurons, leading to a disinhibitory effect onto excitatory pyramidal neurons. However, this subclass of GABAergic neurons also releases neurotransmitters onto other GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons, suggesting other possible circuit roles than a disinhibitory effect. The heterogeneity of VIP-expressing neurons also suggests their involvement and recruitment during different functions via the inhibition/disinhibition of GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons locally and distally, depending on the specific local circuit in which they are embedded, with potential effects on the behavioral states of the animal. Although VIP-expressing neurons represent only a tiny fraction of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the cortex, these neurons’ selective activation/inactivation could produce a relevant behavioral effect in the animal. Regardless of the increasing finding and discoveries on this subclass of GABAergic neurons, there is still a lot of missing information, and more studies should be done to unveil their role at the circuit and behavior level in different cortical layers and across different neocortical areas.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Cunha-Reis, Diana;Ribeiro, Joaquim Alexandre;Sebastiao, Ana M.
通讯作者：
Sebastiao, Ana M.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Bertero, Alice;Feyen, Paul Luc Caroline;Apicella, Alfonso Junior
通讯作者：
Apicella, Alfonso Junior
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bigelow, James;Morrill, Ryan J.;Hasenstaub, Andrea R.
通讯作者：
Hasenstaub, Andrea R.
小鼠听觉和运动皮层中的皮质曲果VIP GABA能投射神经元。
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bertero A;Garcia C;Apicella AJ
通讯作者：
Apicella AJ
DOI：
10.1126/science.aaa5694
发表时间：
2016-01-08
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Basu J;Zaremba JD;Cheung SK;Hitti FL;Zemelman BV;Losonczy A;Siegelbaum SA
通讯作者：
Siegelbaum SA