Biased belief priors versus biased belief updating: Differential correlates of depression and anxiety.
Biased belief priors versus biased belief updating: Differential correlates of depression and anxiety.
复制标题
偏见的信念先验与偏见的信念更新：抑郁和焦虑的差异相关。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010176
复制
发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
容易焦虑和抑郁的人通常会比其他人报告更消极的信念和对自己的判断。我们使用丰富的自然主义任务的计算模型来理清消极先验与消极偏见信念更新的作用，并研究它们与内化精神病理学不同维度的关联。本科生参与者首先提供了假设的技术实习的简介。然后，他们查看了其他几对个人资料，并从每对中选择了他们更愿意一起工作的人。在实验的后续阶段，参与者在任何反馈之前以及在 20 条反馈之后，对他们作为假想实习伙伴的相对受欢迎程度进行判断，以揭示他们是否被选为给定配对中的首选队友。使用参与者对焦虑和抑郁的标准化测量的自我报告分数以及之前进行的双因素分析的因素负荷来估计一般负面情绪、焦虑特定情绪和抑郁特定情绪的潜在因素的分数。抑郁症特定因素的得分越高，与先前的消极信念越相关，但与信念更新的差异无关。相比之下，焦虑特定因素的得分较高与信念更新的负面偏差相关，但与先前的信念没有差异。这些发现表明，至少在某种程度上，不同的过程可能会影响先验信念的形成和即时信念的更新，并且这些过程可能在抑郁和焦虑中受到不同程度的破坏。未来的探究方向包括检查以下可能性：抑郁症中的先前信念偏差可能反映了先前经验或全局图式的概括，而焦虑症中的信念更新偏差可能更具体。悲观信念是抑郁和焦虑的核心。这些信念是如何形成的？这个过程对于抑郁和焦虑来说是相似还是不同？在这里，我们在自然主义的实验环境中研究这些问题，其中本科生参与者相互竞争，在假设的技术实习中被同龄人选中，并被要求判断他们相对于其他参与者的受欢迎程度。重要的是，参与者被要求在收到任何反馈之前以及收到一系列关于他们是否比其他特定学生被选中的反馈后做出这些判断。这种设计，加上参与者信念形成的计算模型，使我们能够确定，焦虑与通过消极偏见的信念更新而产生的悲观信念相关——即，与积极信息相比，消极信息更容易融入一个人的信念中——而抑郁则与悲观的先验信念相关——即，在收到明确反馈之前形成的信念，并且可能基于先前的经验或预先存在的图式。
Individuals prone to anxiety and depression often report beliefs and make judgements about themselves that are more negative than those reported by others. We use computational modeling of a richly naturalistic task to disentangle the role of negative priors versus negatively biased belief updating and to investigate their association with different dimensions of Internalizing psychopathology. Undergraduate participants first provided profiles for a hypothetical tech internship. They then viewed pairs of other profiles and selected the individual they would prefer to work alongside out of each pair. In a subsequent phase of the experiment, participants made judgments about their relative popularity as hypothetical internship partners both before any feedback and after each of 20 items of feedback revealing whether or not they had been selected as the preferred teammate from a given pairing. Scores on latent factors of general negative affect, anxiety-specific affect and depression-specific affect were estimated using participants’ self-report scores on standardized measures of anxiety and depression together with factor loadings from a bifactor analysis conducted previously. Higher scores on the depression-specific factor were linked to more negative prior beliefs but were not associated with differences in belief updating. In contrast, higher scores on the anxiety-specific factor were associated with a negative bias in belief updating but no difference in prior beliefs. These findings indicate that, to at least some extent, distinct processes may impact the formation of belief priors and in-the-moment belief updating and that these processes may be differentially disrupted in depression and anxiety. Future directions for enquiry include examination of the possibility that prior beliefs biases in depression might reflect generalization from prior experiences or global schema whereas belief updating biases in anxiety might be more situationally specific. Pessimistic beliefs are at the core of both depression and anxiety. How do these beliefs form and is this process similar or different for depression and anxiety? Here, we investigate these questions in a naturalistic experimental setting, in which undergraduate participants competed against one another to be selected by their peers in a hypothetical tech internship and were asked to judge their popularity relative to other participants. Importantly, participants were asked to make these judgements before any feedback and after receiving a series of pieces of feedback about whether or not they had been selected over other specific students. This design, along with computational modelling of the formation of participants’ beliefs, allowed us to establish that anxiety is associated with pessimistic beliefs that arise through negatively biased belief updating–i.e., the incorporation of negative information more readily into one’s beliefs than positive information–while depression is associated with pessimistic prior beliefs–that is, beliefs that are formed before receiving explicit feedback and likely on the basis of prior experiences or pre-existing schema.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Garrett, Neil;Sharot, Tali
通讯作者：
Sharot, Tali
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
MacLeod, AK;Byrne, A;Valentine, JD
通讯作者：
Valentine, JD
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Eil, David;Rao, Justin M.
通讯作者：
Rao, Justin M.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
ABRAMSON, LY;SELIGMAN, MEP;TEASDALE, JD
通讯作者：
TEASDALE, JD
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y