The relationship between sympatric defended species depends upon predators' discriminatory behaviour.
The relationship between sympatric defended species depends upon predators' discriminatory behaviour.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0044895
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rowe C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halpin CG;Skelhorn J;Rowe C
长期以来，人们一直认为生活在同一环境中的有毒猎物物种通过分享naïve捕食者的教育，获得相同的警告信号，从而相互受益。相比之下，“饱和理论”预测，捕食者在生理上受到一定时期内能吃下的毒素数量的限制。因此，含有相同毒素的同域物种应该从减少捕食中受益，即使它们在视觉上是不同的，减少了视觉模仿的好处。我们首次发现，尽管对每种猎物类型的好处取决于捕食者在视觉上区分它们的能力和/或动机，但在视觉上不同的不平等防御的猎物之间可以发生互惠关系。此外，我们发现这种捕食行为的可变性对模仿对不平等防御的猎物的好处有重大影响。我们的研究结果表明，捕食者觅食决策的可变性会对同域物种之间共享毒性和视觉模仿的利益产生重大影响，并强调需要考虑捕食者如何在其整个一生中对模型和模仿者施加选择压力。
Toxic prey species living in the same environment have long been thought to mutually benefit from having the same warning signal by sharing the education of naïve predators. In contrast, ‘saturation theory’ predicts that predators are physiologically limited by the amount of toxin that they can eat in a given time period. Therefore, sympatric species that contain the same toxin should mutually benefit from reduced predation even when they are visually distinct, reducing the benefits to visual mimicry. For the first time, we found that mutualism can occur between unequally defended prey that are visually distinct, although the benefits to each prey type depends on the predators' abilities and/or motivation to visually discriminate between them. Furthermore, we found that this variability in predatory behaviour had a significant impact on the benefits of mimicry for unequally defended prey. Our results demonstrate that variability in the foraging decisions of predators can have a significant effect on the benefits of shared toxicity and visual mimicry between sympatric species, and highlights the need to consider how predators exert selection pressures on models and mimics over their entire lifetimes.
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