Phylogeography and postglacial expansion of the endangered semi-aquatic mammal Galemys pyrenaicus.
Phylogeography and postglacial expansion of the endangered semi-aquatic mammal Galemys pyrenaicus.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-13-115
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发表时间：
2013-06-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Castresana J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Igea J;Aymerich P;Fernández-González A;González-Esteban J;Gómez A;Alonso R;Gosálbez J;Castresana J
具有严格生态要求的物种可能会为形成遗传多样性地理变异的力量提供新的见解。比利牛斯山的蜥蜴（Galemys pyrenaicus）是一种小型的半水生哺乳动物，栖息在伊比利亚半岛北方的干净溪流中，在其大部分地理范围内濒临灭绝，但其遗传结构目前尚不清楚。虽然严格的生态需求来自其水生栖息地可能会导致流域之间的遗传多样性的分区，更新世冰川会产生一个遗传模式有关的冰川避难所。研究历史和生态因素在棉属遗传结构中的相对重要性。pyrenaicus，我们使用了线粒体和内含子序列的标本，涵盖了大部分的物种范围。我们表明，首先，比利牛斯山desman有非常低的遗传多样性水平相比，其他哺乳动物。此外，线粒体序列的系统发育和测年分析揭示了一个强大的中更新世起源的地理结构，这表明主要的血统出现在冰川隔离时期。此外，无论是核和线粒体多样性的空间分布和物种分布模型的结果表明，在伊比利亚半岛西北部的一个主要的冰川避难所的存在。最后，主要的线粒体谱系显示出惊人的parapatric分布，没有任何明显的线粒体单倍型之间的谱系，进入二次接触（虽然有一定的渗透性核基因），表明不完全混合后，冰后期的duponization。另一方面，当我们分析了流域之间的遗传多样性的分区，比利牛斯山desman表现出低于预期的主要河流之间的遗传分化。利用线粒体标记和内含子标记对G. pyrenaicus的遗传结构受更新世冰川作用的影响较大，而主要水系对遗传多样性的分布影响不大。这些结果，特别是发现了一个显着的地理结构，可能有重要的意义的保护比利牛斯山的desman。
Species with strict ecological requirements may provide new insights into the forces that shaped the geographic variation of genetic diversity. The Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus, is a small semi-aquatic mammal that inhabits clean streams of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and is endangered in most of its geographic range, but its genetic structure is currently unknown. While the stringent ecological demands derived from its aquatic habitat might have caused a partition of the genetic diversity among river basins, Pleistocene glaciations would have generated a genetic pattern related to glacial refugia. To study the relative importance of historical and ecological factors in the genetic structure of G. pyrenaicus, we used mitochondrial and intronic sequences of specimens covering most of the species range. We show, first, that the Pyrenean desman has very low levels of genetic diversity compared to other mammals. In addition, phylogenetic and dating analyses of the mitochondrial sequences reveal a strong phylogeographic structure of a Middle Pleistocene origin, suggesting that the main lineages arose during periods of glacial isolation. Furthermore, both the spatial distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and the results of species distribution modeling suggest the existence of a major glacial refugium in the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the main mitochondrial lineages show a striking parapatric distribution without any apparent exchange of mitochondrial haplotypes between the lineages that came into secondary contact (although with certain permeability to nuclear genes), indicating incomplete mixing after the post-glacial recolonization. On the other hand, when we analyzed the partition of the genetic diversity among river basins, the Pyrenean desman showed a lower than expected genetic differentiation among main rivers. The analysis of mitochondrial and intronic markers in G. pyrenaicus showed the predominant effects of Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic structure of this species, while the distribution of the genetic diversity was not greatly influenced by the main river systems. These results and, particularly, the discovery of a marked phylogeographic structure, may have important implications for the conservation of the Pyrenean desman.
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