Moving beyond Mindfulness: Defining Equanimity as an Outcome Measure in Meditation and Contemplative Research.
Moving beyond Mindfulness: Defining Equanimity as an Outcome Measure in Meditation and Contemplative Research.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12671-013-0269-8
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发表时间：
2014-01-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Vago, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desbordes, Gaelle;Gard, Tim;Hoge, Elizabeth A.;Hoelzel, Britta K.;Kerr, Catherine;Lazar, Sara W.;Olendzki, Andrew;Vago, David R.
鉴于人们对冥想等冥想实践的兴趣日益浓厚，新兴的冥想科学领域面临着描述和客观衡量这些实践如何影响健康和福祉的挑战。虽然“正念”本身被认为是冥想练习的可测量结果，但这个概念包含多个组成部分，正如我们在这里回顾的那样，其中一些组成部分可能更好地被描述为平静。平静可以被定义为对所有经历或物体的一种平和的精神状态或倾向，无论它们的起源或情感效价（愉快、不愉快或中性）。在本文中，我们建议将平静作为沉思性研究的结果衡量标准。我们首先从古典佛教和现代心理学的角度定义和讨论正念和舍之间的相互关系，并介绍现有的培养舍的冥想技巧。然后，我们回顾了直接或间接用于评估平静的心理、生理和神经影像学方法。总之，我们认为平静可能是改善幸福感最重要的心理因素，因此应该成为未来研究的重点。
In light of a growing interest in contemplative practices such as meditation, the emerging field of contemplative science has been challenged to describe and objectively measure how these practices affect health and well-being. While “mindfulness” itself has been proposed as a measurable outcome of contemplative practices, this concept encompasses multiple components, some of which, as we review here, may be better characterized as equanimity. Equanimity can be defined as an even-minded mental state or dispositional tendency toward all experiences or objects, regardless of their origin or their affective valence (pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral). In this article we propose that equanimity be used as an outcome measure in contemplative research. We first define and discuss the inter-relationship between mindfulness and equanimity from the perspectives of both classical Buddhism and modern psychology and present existing meditation techniques for cultivating equanimity. We then review psychological, physiological, and neuroimaging methods that have been used to assess equanimity, either directly or indirectly. In conclusion, we propose that equanimity captures potentially the most important psychological element in the improvement of well-being, and therefore should be a focus in future research studies.
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