The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion.
The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00083
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Slater M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maselli A;Slater M
以前的工作已经报道，给人一种对人造身体拥有所有权的错觉并不困难，这为研究身体感知和自我意识背后的神经和认知机制提供了强有力的工具。我们提出了一项使用沉浸式虚拟现实(IVR)的实验研究，重点是识别这种错觉的感知构件。我们系统地操纵视觉触觉和视觉感觉运动偶发事件、视觉视角和虚拟身体的外观，以评估它们的相对作用和相互作用。来自主观报告和生理测量的一致结果表明，第一人称视角看待虚假的类人身体对于引发身体所有权错觉至关重要。我们发现，当虚拟身体具有逼真的肤色并在空间上替代第一人称视角下的真实身体时，就会产生所有权错觉。在这种情况下，不需要一致的视觉触觉或感觉运动提示的额外贡献。此外，我们发现不一致的知觉线索的加工可以受到错觉水平的调节：当错觉很强时，不一致的线索不会被认为是不正确的。暴露在非同步视觉触觉刺激下的参与者可以体验所有权错觉，并将触摸感知为来自看到的接触虚拟身体的对象。类似地，当虚拟身体的真实感水平不够高和/或当两个身体之间没有空间重叠时，则需要一致的多感觉和/或感觉运动线索来唤起错觉。在这些结果的基础上，并受到猴子神经生理记录的启发，我们提出了一个模型，该模型解释了文献中报道的许多结果。
Previous work has reported that it is not difficult to give people the illusion of ownership over an artificial body, providing a powerful tool for the investigation of the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying body perception and self consciousness. We present an experimental study that uses immersive virtual reality (IVR) focused on identifying the perceptual building blocks of this illusion. We systematically manipulated visuotactile and visual sensorimotor contingencies, visual perspective, and the appearance of the virtual body in order to assess their relative role and mutual interaction. Consistent results from subjective reports and physiological measures showed that a first person perspective over a fake humanoid body is essential for eliciting a body ownership illusion. We found that the illusion of ownership can be generated when the virtual body has a realistic skin tone and spatially substitutes the real body seen from a first person perspective. In this case there is no need for an additional contribution of congruent visuotactile or sensorimotor cues. Additionally, we found that the processing of incongruent perceptual cues can be modulated by the level of the illusion: when the illusion is strong, incongruent cues are not experienced as incorrect. Participants exposed to asynchronous visuotactile stimulation can experience the ownership illusion and perceive touch as originating from an object seen to contact the virtual body. Analogously, when the level of realism of the virtual body is not high enough and/or when there is no spatial overlap between the two bodies, then the contribution of congruent multisensory and/or sensorimotor cues is required for evoking the illusion. On the basis of these results and inspired by findings from neurophysiological recordings in the monkey, we propose a model that accounts for many of the results reported in the literature.
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