The effects of brief high intensity light on ocular growth in chicks developing myopia vary with time of day.
The effects of brief high intensity light on ocular growth in chicks developing myopia vary with time of day.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2020.108039
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发表时间：
2020-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nickla, Debora L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarfare, Shanta;Yang, Jane;Nickla, Debora L.
有证据表明，增加户外活动时间的抗近视效果的相关变量是光照强度的增加。因为光是最强的时间表，所以明亮的光暴露的影响取决于一天中的时间，并且可能影响昼夜节律。在这些研究中，我们询问了在因形觉剥夺（FD）或负镜片诱导的远视散焦（透镜）而发生近视的眼睛中，每日短暂暴露于强光对眼睛生长率和眼节律的影响是否因一天中的时间而异。我们还研究了同时暴露于短暂的远视散焦和强光的影响。Exp.一曰：从第12天开始，将戴着单眼漫射器或-10 D镜片的小鸡在早晨（FD：n=12; LENS：n=7）或晚上（FD：n =21;透镜：n = 7）暴露于每天3小时（hr）的强光（30 K lux），每天暴露6次。对照组佩戴漫射器或镜片，但不暴露于强光下（FD：n=14;透镜：n=9）。Exp. 2：未处理的雏鸡在早晨（n=12）或晚上（n=14）暴露于强光，暴露6次。对照组未暴露于强光（n=11）。Exp.第三节：将雏鸡在早晨（n=11）、中午（n=7）或晚上（n=8）同时暴露于单眼远视散焦和强光下2小时，进行5次暴露。“不亮”镜片佩戴对照是来自已发表工作的数据（Nickla等人，2017年）。在开始和结束时进行高频A扫描超声检查以测量生长速率。实验中FD组1和实验中的早晨和晚上组。在最后24小时内以6小时间隔测量3个，以确定轴长和脉络膜厚度的节律参数。与对照组相比，夜间短暂的强光可抑制佩戴扩散器或镜片的眼睛的生长（X vs C：FD：316 vs 468 μm; p=0.026;透镜：233 vs 438 μm; p=0.03）;早晨的强光无影响。暴露时间对眼轴长度的节律没有差异效应;对于脉络膜厚度，“时间”解释了组间方差（双因素ANOVA相互作用p=0.027）。在未经治疗的眼睛中，相对于晚上暴露，早晨的强光具有较小但显著的抑制作用（803 μm vs 679 μm;事后p=0.048）。对于早晨曝光，同时暴露于远视散焦和强光下的眼睛相对于“不亮”对照组明显受到更多抑制（两眼间差异：−207 vs 69 μm; p<0.01）。在早晨组中，两种正弦节律都被取消，而在晚上组中，脉络膜节律仅被取消。总之，短暂的强光对生长控制剂的影响取决于一天中的暴露时间和生长条件的同期状态。
Evidence suggests that the relevant variable in the anti-myopigenic effect of increased time spent outdoors is the increase in light intensity. Because light is the strongest Zeitgeber, it is plausible that the effects of bright light exposure depend on time of day, and may impact circadian rhythms. In these studies, we asked whether the effects on eye growth rates and ocular rhythms of brief daily exposures to bright light differed depending on time of day in eyes developing myopia in response to form deprivation (FD) or negative lens-induced hyperopic defocus (LENS). We also studied the effects of concurrent exposures to brief hyperopic defocus and bright light. Exp. 1: Starting at 12d, chicks wearing monocular diffusers or −10 D lenses were exposed to 3 daily hours (hr) of bright light (30K lux) in the morning (FD: n=12; LENS: n=7) or evening (FD: n=21; LENS: n=7) for 6 daily exposures. Controls wore diffusers or lenses but weren’t exposed to bright light (FD: n=14; LENS: n=9). Exp. 2: Untreated chicks were exposed to bright light in the morning (n=12) or evening (n=14) for 6 exposures. Controls were not exposed to bright light (n=11). Exp. 3: Chicks were exposed to 2 hr simultaneous monocular hyperopic defocus and bright light in the morning (n=11), mid-day (n=7) or evening (n=8) for 5 exposures. “Not bright” lens-wearing controls were data from published work (Nickla et al., 2017). High frequency A-scan ultrasonography was done at the start and end to measure growth rates. The FD group in Exp. 1 and the morning and evening groups in Exp. 3 were measured at 6-hr intervals over the final 24 hr to determine parameters for the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness. Brief bright light in the evening inhibited eye growth in eyes wearing diffusers or lenses relative to controls (X vs C: FD: 316 vs 468 μm; p=0.026; LENS: 233 vs 438 μm; p=0.03); morning bright light had no effect. There was no differential effect of time of day of exposures on the rhythm in axial length; for choroid thickness, “time” accounted for the variance between groups (2-way ANOVA interaction p=0.027). In untreated eyes, bright light in the morning had a small but significant inhibitory effect relative to evening exposures (803 μm vs 679 μm; post-hoc p=0.048). Eyes exposed to simultaneous hyperopic defocus and bright light were significantly more inhibited relative to “not bright” controls for the morning exposures (interocular differences: −207 vs 69 μm; p<0.01). Both sinusoidal rhythms were abolished in the morning groups, while the choroidal one only was abolished for the evening group. In conclusion, the effects of brief periods of bright light on the growth controller depend on the time of day of exposure and on the contemporaneous status of the growth condition.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Oldham MA;Ciraulo DA
通讯作者：
Ciraulo DA
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Guggenheim, Jeremy A.;Northstone, Kate;Williams, Cathy
通讯作者：
Williams, Cathy
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Nickla, Debora L.;Totonelly, Kristen
通讯作者：
Totonelly, Kristen
影响因子：
--
作者：
Akacem, Lameese D.;Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.;LeBourgeois, Monique K.
通讯作者：
LeBourgeois, Monique K.
DOI：
10.1111/opo.12453
发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chakraborty R;Ostrin LA;Nickla DL;Iuvone PM;Pardue MT;Stone RA
通讯作者：
Stone RA