Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.
Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6
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发表时间：
2023-03
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不同出生性别和性别认同的个体和/或不同性别经历的个体之间的健康状况往往在质量或数量上存在差异，需要有针对性的护理。研究性别相关和性别相关因素对损伤、残疾、福祉和健康的调节和中介作用至关重要，特别是对于被诊断患有性别/性别分布不均匀的神经发育状况的神经分化个体。研究人员已经意识到与性别相关和性别相关的变量对神经发育状况的表现有无数的影响，当代的工作已经开始研究这些影响的介导机制。在这里，我们描述了性和性别科学的主题概念，总结了当前的知识，并讨论了与自闭症、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和其他神经发育疾病相关的研究和临床挑战。我们在流行病学，行为表型，神经生物学，遗传学，内分泌学和邻近学科的背景下考虑性别和社会性别。现有的证据支持这样一种观点，即性别和社会性别是神经发育条件下生物和行为变异的重要贡献者。方法上的警告，如经常将性和性别构念混淆，对这些构念的不适当测量以及对特定人口统计学群体（例如，女性和性别少数个体以及智力残疾者）的代表性不足，限制了迄今为止研究的转化潜力。未来的研究和临床实施应将性别和社会性别纳入下一代诊断、机械调查和支持实践。
Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities, and/or with different gendered experiences, requiring tailored care. Studying the moderating and mediating effects of sex-related and gender-related factors on impairment, disability, wellbeing and health is of paramount importance especially for neurodivergent individuals, who are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions with uneven sex/gender distributions. Researchers have become aware of the myriad influences that sex-related and gender-related variables have on the manifestations of neurodevelopmental conditions, and contemporary work has begun to investigate the mechanisms through which these effects are mediated. Here we describe topical concepts of sex and gender science, summarize current knowledge, and discuss research and clinical challenges related to autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental conditions. We consider sex and gender in the context of epidemiology, behavioural phenotypes, neurobiology, genetics, endocrinology and neighbouring disciplines. The available evidence supports the view that sex and gender are important contributors to the biological and behavioural variability in neurodevelopmental conditions. Methodological caveats such as frequent conflation of sex and gender constructs, inappropriate measurement of these constructs and under-representation of specific demographic groups (for example, female and gender minority individuals and people with intellectual disabilities) limit the translational potential of research so far. Future research and clinical implementation should integrate sex and gender into next-generation diagnostics, mechanistic investigations and support practices.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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