Measuring inequality in community resilience to natural disasters using large-scale mobility data.
Measuring inequality in community resilience to natural disasters using large-scale mobility data.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-021-22160-w
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发表时间：
2021-03-25
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Kontokosta CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hong B;Bonczak BJ;Gupta A;Kontokosta CE
虽然概念定义为灾害及其影响的研究提供了基础，但研究人员和实践者面临的挑战是，在考虑到局部社区响应和恢复的时空动态的情况下，制定客观和严格的可推广和可扩展的恢复力措施。在本文中，我们分析了德克萨斯州休斯顿超过80万台匿名移动设备的移动模式，这些设备约占当地人口的35%，以应对2017年的哈维飓风。利用灾难发生前、期间和之后的流动性行为变化，我们根据经验将社区恢复能力定义为影响程度和恢复时间的函数。总体而言，我们发现在恢复能力和疏散模式方面存在明显的社会经济和种族差异。我们的工作提供了对灾害行为反应的新见解，并为数据驱动的公共部门决策提供了基础，这些决策优先考虑向脆弱社区公平分配资源。了解城市如何应对极端天气至关重要；因为这样的事件变得越来越频繁。作者利用2017年飓风哈维期间德克萨斯州休斯顿的匿名手机数据发现，移动行为暴露了社区在抵御能力和恢复方面的差异。
While conceptual definitions provide a foundation for the study of disasters and their impacts, the challenge for researchers and practitioners alike has been to develop objective and rigorous measures of resilience that are generalizable and scalable, taking into account spatiotemporal dynamics in the response and recovery of localized communities. In this paper, we analyze mobility patterns of more than 800,000 anonymized mobile devices in Houston, Texas, representing approximately 35% of the local population, in response to Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Using changes in mobility behavior before, during, and after the disaster, we empirically define community resilience capacity as a function of the magnitude of impact and time-to-recovery. Overall, we find clear socioeconomic and racial disparities in resilience capacity and evacuation patterns. Our work provides new insight into the behavioral response to disasters and provides the basis for data-driven public sector decisions that prioritize the equitable allocation of resources to vulnerable neighborhoods. Understanding how cities respond to extreme weather is critical; as such events are becoming more frequent. Using anonymized mobile phone data for Houston, Texas during Hurricane Harvey in 2017, the authors find that mobility behavior exposes neighborhood disparities in resilience capacity and recovery.
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影响因子：
27.5
作者：
Batty M
通讯作者：
Batty M
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Adger, WN;Hughes, TP;Rockström, J
通讯作者：
Rockström, J
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Hung, Hung-Chih;Yang, Ching-Yi;Liu, Yi-Chung
通讯作者：
Liu, Yi-Chung
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Liu, Hao;Zhou, Yuezhi;Zhang, Yaoxue
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yaoxue
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1716222114
发表时间：
2017-11-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Emanuel K
通讯作者：
Emanuel K