Epilepsy and autism: is there a special relationship?
Epilepsy and autism: is there a special relationship?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.015
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发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Plioplys S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berg AT;Plioplys S
越来越多的人开始关注癫痫和自闭症之间的联系。自闭症在一些早发性发育性脑病癫痫中的高频率经常被引用作为自闭症和癫痫之间关系的证据。虽然这些特定形式的癫痫具有比预期更高的自闭症风险，但大多数（如果不是全部）关联可能是由于智力残疾（ID）。自闭症儿童间期脑电图放电的高流行率也被引用为进一步的证据，尽管在癫痫诊断方面的错误似乎至少解释了这些发现的一部分。在患有癫痫或自闭症的儿童中，ID的患病率明显升高。在缺乏ID的情况下，几乎没有证据表明癫痫患儿患自闭症的风险有实质性的增加。此外，尽管在过去的几年里，自闭症的患病率有所上升，但这一增长的大部分可能归因于诊断实践的变化，在存在自闭症的情况下对自闭症的概念化，以及要求为自闭症儿童提供服务的法律。在这些时间趋势的背景下，任何进一步梳理癫痫、ID和自闭症之间关系的努力，在我们确定自闭症和癫痫之间是否确实存在特殊关系之前，都必须正面解决这三种疾病诊断的准确性。
Increasingly, there has been an interest in the association between epilepsy and autism. The high frequency of autism in some of the early-onset developmental encephalopathic epilepsies is frequently cited as evidence of the relationship between autism and epilepsy. While these specific forms of epilepsy carry a higher than expected risk of autism, most if not all of the association may be due to intellectual disability (ID). The high prevalence of interictal EEG discharges in children with autism is also cited as further evidence although errors in the diagnosis of epilepsy seem to account for at least part of those findings. The prevalence of ID is substantially elevated in children with either epilepsy or autism. In the absence of ID, there is little evidence of a substantial, if any, increased risk of autism in children with epilepsy. Further, although the reported prevalence of autism has increased over the last several years, much of this increase may be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, conceptualization of autism in the presence of ID, and laws requiring provision of services for children with autism. In the context of these temporal trends, any further efforts to tease apart the relationships between epilepsy, ID, and autism will have to address head-on the accuracy of diagnosis of all three conditions before we can determine whether there is indeed a special relationship between autism and epilepsy.
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