Patterned Optical Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Patterned Optical Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells
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视网膜神经节细胞的图案化光学激活

DOI:
10.1109/iembs.2007.4353812
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Shoham
S. Shoham
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
N. Farah;I. Reutsky;S. Shoham

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神经修复视网膜界面依赖于绕过受损的感光细胞层并直接激活视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)群体的能力。迄今为止,该任务的优选方法主要依赖于电极阵列植入物。我们目前正在寻求两种基于光的直接激活RGC的替代方法。第一种方法是基于在视网膜上施加笼状谷氨酸并局部地将其解开以获得RGC兴奋。第二种方法是人工引起RGCs表达视紫红质II(ChR 2),一种光门控阳离子通道。除了非接触之外,光学技术相对容易地适用于各种技术,用于实现具有高时间和空间分辨率的图案化刺激。使用德州仪器数字光处理(DLP-DMD)技术,我们已经开发了一种光学刺激系统,其能够以高时间精度对视网膜组织进行受控的、大规模的、灵活的刺激。在初步研究中,我们正在进行图案化的光刺激实验,使用笼状荧光探针的样品,并在大鼠视网膜病毒转染ChR 2。
Neuroprosthetic retinal interfaces depend upon the ability to bypass the damaged photoreceptor layer and directly activate populations of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To date, the preferred approach to this task largely relies on electrode array implants. We are currently pursuing two alternative methods for light-based direct activation of the RGCs. The first method is based on applying caged glutamate over the retina and uncaging it locally to obtain RGC excitation. The second method is to artificially cause RGCs to express Channelrhodopsin II (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel. In addition to being non-contact, optical techniques lend themselves relatively easily to a variety of technologies for achieving patterned stimulation with high temporal and spatial resolution. Using the Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing (DLP - DMD) technology, we have developed an optical stimulation system capable of controlled, large-scale, flexible stimulation of the retinal tissue with high temporal accuracy. In preliminary studies, we are performing patterned photo-stimulation experiments using samples of caged fluorescent probes and in rat retinas that were virally transfected with ChR2.
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