The effects of age on cerebral activations: internally versus externally driven processes.
The effects of age on cerebral activations: internally versus externally driven processes.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2012.00004
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Li CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu S;Chao HH;Winkler AD;Li CS
许多使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的研究已经描述了与年轻人相比，老年人的局部脑激活增加或减少。这种表面上的不一致可能反映了跨研究检查的心理结构的差异。我们假设，行为任务/对比从事内部和外部驱动的过程都与年龄相关的减少和增加，分别在大脑激活。我们检查了103名18-72岁的健康成年人的fMRI数据，他们执行了停止信号任务（SST），其中频繁的“go”信号触发了优势反应，而频率较低的“stop”信号则促使了这种反应的抑制。与停止错误（SE）相比，更大的内部驱动过程会导致停止成功（SS），并且会加速而不是减缓进行试验。相反，外部驱动的过程有助于SE试验，这是由于习惯性的，未监测的反应触发的信号（相比SS试验），并涉及感知和认知过程引起的停止信号（相比，去试验）。与我们的假设一致，结果显示，在这些各自的内部和外部驱动的过程中，大脑激活与年龄相关的减少和增加。这些发现进一步阐明了年龄对认知功能的影响，并提供了一个额外的视角来理解衰老的成像文献。
Numerous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have described increased or decreased regional brain activations in older as compared to younger adults. This seeming inconsistency may reflect differences in the psychological constructs examined across studies. We hypothesized that behavioral tasks/contrasts engaging internally and externally driven processes are each associated with age-related decreases and increases, respectively, in cerebral activations. We examined the fMRI data of 103 healthy adults, 18–72 years of age, performing a stop signal task (SST), in which a frequent “go” signal triggered a prepotent response and a less frequent “stop” signal prompted inhibition of this response. Greater internally driven processes lead to stop successes (SS) as compared to stop errors (SE), and to speeding up instead of slowing down in go trials. Conversely, externally driven processes contribute to SE trials, which resulted from habitual, unmonitored responses triggered by the go signal (as compared to SS trials), and involved perceptual and cognitive processes elicited by the stop signal (as compared to go trials). Consistent with our hypothesis, the results showed age-related decreases and increases in cerebral activations each during these respective internally and externally driven processes. These findings further elucidate the influence of age on cognitive functioning and provide an additional perspective to understand the imaging literature of aging.
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