Longitudinal relations of children's effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems.
Longitudinal relations of children's effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016213
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Losoya, Sandra H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberg, Nancy;Valiente, Carlos;Spinrad, Tracy L.;Cumberland, Amanda;Liew, Jeffrey;Reiser, Mark;Zhou, Qing;Losoya, Sandra H.
本研究的目的是检查努力控制（EC）、冲动和负面情绪与至少边缘性临床症状水平的关系，以及四年来不适应的变化。儿童（N = 214, 77%为欧洲裔美国人，年龄= 73个月）的外化和内化症状由家长和老师分3次、间隔2年（T1、T2和T3）进行评定，并与儿童成人评定的EC、冲动性和情绪有关。此外，作者发现，在控制T1预测因子的情况下，适应不良的变化模式与T3时的这些变量相关。外化问题（纯粹的或与内化问题同时发生）与低EC、高冲动性和负面情绪（尤其是愤怒）有关，而变化模式也与这些变量有关。内化问题与低冲动和悲伤有关，在某种程度上与高愤怒有关。低注意性欧共体与内在化问题只在不适应的改变方面有关。冲动性的变化主要在控制外化问题的变化时与内化的变化有关。
The purpose of the study was to examine the relations of effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and negative emotionality to at least borderline clinical levels of symptoms and change in maladjustment over four years. Children’s (N = 214; 77% European American; M age = 73 months) externalizing and internalizing symptoms were rated by parents and teachers at 3 times, 2 years apart (T1, T2, and T3) and were related to children’s adult-rated EC, impulsivity, and emotion. In addition, the authors found patterns of change in maladjustment were related to these variables at T3 while controlling for the T1 predictor. Externalizing problems (pure or co-occurring with internalizing problems) were associated with low EC, high impulsivity, and negative emotionality, especially anger, and patterns of change also related to these variables. Internalizing problems were associated with low impulsivity and sadness and somewhat with high anger. Low attentional EC was related to internalizing problems only in regard to change in maladjustment. Change in impulsivity was associated with change in internalizing primarily when controlling for change in externalizing problems.
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