Effects of land use, habitat characteristics, and small mammal community composition on Leptospira prevalence in northeast Madagascar.
Effects of land use, habitat characteristics, and small mammal community composition on Leptospira prevalence in northeast Madagascar.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0008946
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Nunn CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrera JP;Wickenkamp NR;Turpin M;Baudino F;Tortosa P;Goodman SM;Soarimalala V;Ranaivoson TN;Nunn CL
人类活动可以增加或减少获得人畜共患病的风险，特别是通过影响宿主的组成和丰度。本研究调查了马达加斯加东北部土地利用与传染病风险之间的联系，在那里，人类生存活动和人口增长正在侵蚀原生栖息地和相关生物群。我们收集了关于致病性钩端螺旋体的新数据，钩端螺旋体是小型哺乳动物宿主中的细菌。传播可以通过密切接触发生，但最常见的是通过间接接触受感染宿主尿液污染的水。感染的概率和患病率进行了比较，在一个梯度的天然潮湿万年青林，附近的森林片段，淹没的水稻和其他类型的农田，并在农村的家庭。利用这些数据，我们测试了土地利用如何改变生态群落和影响疾病传播的具体假设。外来物种的相对丰度和比例在人为生境中最高，而本地物种的相对丰度在森林生境中最高。钩端螺旋体的流行率显着高于引进相比，地方性物种。最后，钩端螺旋体感染的概率是最高的引进的小型哺乳动物物种，和较低的森林片段相比，其他栖息地类型。我们的研究结果突出了人类土地利用如何影响小型哺乳动物群落组成，进而影响疾病动态。引进的物种可能会将钩端螺旋体传播给它们共同存在的本地物种，并可能取代马达加斯加天然存在的钩端螺旋体物种。人类和引进物种的频繁空间重叠也可能对公共卫生产生影响。许多被忽视的热带病在野生动物中有宿主。人类活动对野生动物的影响包括物种丰度、群落组成和寄生虫传播动力学的变化。已知引进物种，特别是黑鼠（Rattus rattus）会在野生动物物种和人类之间传播人畜共患疾病。钩端螺旋体是一种感染野生动物和人类的水传播细菌，是热带地区的重要病原体，在马达加斯加，已确定了多种菌株和宿主。我们测试了森林边境农业系统中的土地利用梯度如何影响小型哺乳动物群落的组成，进而影响钩端螺旋体的患病率。我们调查了11种小型哺乳动物，包括本地啮齿动物和马猴，以及引进的啮齿动物和鼩，在古老的森林，森林片段，农田，并在一个村庄。钩端螺旋体的患病率和感染风险最高的引进物种相比，本地物种和较低的森林片段。研究结果强调了非本地物种的引入如何影响小型哺乳动物疾病流行率的变化，并可能对人类产生溢出效应。
Human activities can increase or decrease risks of acquiring a zoonotic disease, notably by affecting the composition and abundance of hosts. This study investigated the links between land use and infectious disease risk in northeast Madagascar, where human subsistence activities and population growth are encroaching on native habitats and the associated biota. We collected new data on pathogenic Leptospira, which are bacteria maintained in small mammal reservoirs. Transmission can occur through close contact, but most frequently through indirect contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected hosts. The probability of infection and prevalence was compared across a gradient of natural moist evergreen forest, nearby forest fragments, flooded rice and other types of agricultural fields, and in homes in a rural village. Using these data, we tested specific hypotheses for how land use alters ecological communities and influences disease transmission. The relative abundance and proportion of exotic species was highest in the anthropogenic habitats, while the relative abundance of native species was highest in the forested habitats. Prevalence of Leptospira was significantly higher in introduced compared to endemic species. Lastly, the probability of infection with Leptospira was highest in introduced small mammal species, and lower in forest fragments compared to other habitat types. Our results highlight how human land use affects the small mammal community composition and in turn disease dynamics. Introduced species likely transmit Leptospira to native species where they co-occur, and may displace the Leptospira species naturally occurring in Madagascar. The frequent spatial overlap of people and introduced species likely also has consequences for public health. Many neglected tropical diseases have reservoirs in wildlife. The effects of human activities on wildlife include changes in species abundance, community composition, and the transmission dynamics of parasites. Introduced species, especially black rats (Rattus rattus) are known to transmit zoonotic diseases among wildlife species and people. Leptospira, a water-borne bacterium that infects wildlife and people, is an important pathogen in the tropics, and in Madagascar, multiple strains and hosts have been identified. We tested how land use gradients in a forest-frontier agricultural system affect the composition of small mammal communities, and in turn the prevalence of Leptospira. We investigated 11 species of small mammals, including native rodents and tenrecs, as well as introduced rodents and shrews, in old growth forest, forest fragments, agricultural fields, and in a village. Leptospira prevalence and infection risk were highest in introduced species compared to native species and lower in forest fragments. The results highlight how the introduction of non-native species affects the variation in disease prevalence in small mammals, with potential consequences for spill-over to people.
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实时PCR的开发和验证，用于检测临床材料中致病性钩端螺旋体。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ahmed A;Engelberts MF;Boer KR;Ahmed N;Hartskeerl RA
通讯作者：
Hartskeerl RA
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Cosson JF;Picardeau M;Mielcarek M;Tatard C;Chaval Y;Suputtamongkol Y;Buchy P;Jittapalapong S;Herbreteau V;Morand S
通讯作者：
Morand S
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gomard, Yann;Dietrich, Muriel;Tortosa, Pablo
通讯作者：
Tortosa, Pablo
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Biscornet L;Dellagi K;Pagès F;Bibi J;de Comarmond J;Mélade J;Govinden G;Tirant M;Gomard Y;Guernier V;Lagadec E;Mélanie J;Rocamora G;Le Minter G;Jaubert J;Mavingui P;Tortosa P
通讯作者：
Tortosa P
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bublitz, Deanna C.;Wright, Patricia C.;Gillespie, Thomas R.
通讯作者：
Gillespie, Thomas R.