Analysis of Gain Variation With Changing Supply Voltages in GaN HEMTs for Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers

Analysis of Gain Variation With Changing Supply Voltages in GaN HEMTs for Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers
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用于包络跟踪功率放大器的 GaN HEMT 中增益随电源电压变化的变化分析

DOI:
10.1109/tmtt.2019.2916404
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Alt A
Alt A
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
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包络跟踪(ET)是一种很有前途的功率放大器(PA)架构,适用于当前和未来的通信系统,它使用电源电压的动态调制来提供高效率和在大动态范围内输出功率的潜在非常宽的带宽。然而,电源电压的动态特性可能导致晶体管增益的问题变化,特别是在GaN hemt中。本文描述并分析了这种行为及其对ET PAs的有害影响。详细描述了增益变化的影响因素和来源,以及如何首次在不同器件之间进行有意义的比较。使用这些指南,增益变化被证明是影响文献中提出的大多数GaN hemt的普遍问题。为了分析器件的固有特性,开发了一个扩展的晶体管模型,该模型考虑了栅极和源场极板的影响。该模型使用测量数据进行了改进,并用于证明寄生栅极-漏极电容()是小信号增益变化的主要因素,是总体增益变化的重要组成部分。基于这些知识,提出了在晶体管技术水平上减少增益变化的可能策略,从而可以优化GaN hemt,专门用于ET PAs。一种确定的策略包括减少栅极场板的长度,并被证明是减少GaN hemt增益变化的可行方法,尽管RF/dc色散增加。
Envelope tracking (ET) is a promising power amplifier (PA) architecture for current and future communications systems, which uses dynamic modulation of the supply voltage to provide high efficiency and potentially very wide bandwidth over a large dynamic range of output power. However, the dynamic nature of the supply voltage can lead to a problematic variation in transistor gain, particularly in GaN HEMTs. This paper describes and analyzes this behavior and the detrimental effect it can have on ET PAs. Contributing factors and origins of gain variation are described in detail along with how, for the first time, meaningful comparisons can be made between different devices. Using these guidelines, gain variation is shown to be a widespread issue effecting most GaN HEMTs presented in literature. To allow an analysis of the intrinsic device behavior, an extended transistor model is developed that takes the effect of gate and source field plates into account. This model is refined using measurement data and used to demonstrate the fact that the parasitic gate–drain capacitance () is the main contributor to the small-signal gain variation—a significant part of the overall gain variation. Based on this knowledge, possible strategies to reduce gain variation at the transistor technology level are proposed, allowing the optimization of GaN HEMTs specifically for ET PAs. One identified strategy involves reducing the length of the gate field plate and is shown to be a viable approach to reduce the gain variation in GaN HEMTs, albeit at an increased RF/dc dispersion.
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