Does Initial Performance Variability Predict Dual-Task Optimization with Practice in Younger and Older Adults?
Does Initial Performance Variability Predict Dual-Task Optimization with Practice in Younger and Older Adults?
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初始性能差异是否可以通过年轻人和老年人的实践来预测双任务优化？
DOI：
10.1080/0361073x.2015.978210
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Schubert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strobach;Gerstorf;Maquestiaux;Schubert
背景/研究背景：与反应时间（RT）相关的可变性有时被认为是低效神经处理的代理，特别是在老年人和依赖于执行控制功能的复杂情况下。本研究检验了早期练习中表现出的可变性量是否可以预测后来双任务表现的改善量，以及可变性的预测能力在年轻人和老年人之间是否存在差异。方法：为了研究变异性与实践相关改善之间的关系，我们使用了一项实验的均值和变异性数据，该实验由年轻人和老年人在七个练习阶段中分别在单任务和双任务条件下执行两项任务。这些RT和变异性数据与单任务和双任务练习的好处有关。这些好处计算如下：练习开始时的双任务/单任务RTs减去练习结束时的双任务/单任务RTs。结果：在两个年龄组中，双任务处理随着练习而加快，与方法相关的变异性减少。最重要的是，独立于平均RTs，可变性允许在特定条件下预测两个年龄组的双任务练习收益。结论：这些研究结果表明，在某些特定条件下，绩效变异性与执行控制功能之间存在关系。讨论了这些结果对实践双重任务模型的影响。
Background/Study Context:The variability associated with reaction time (RT) is sometimes considered as a proxy for inefficient neural processing, particularly in old age and complex situations relying upon executive control functions. Here, it is examined whether the amount of variability exhibited early in practice can predict the amount of improvement with later practice in dual-task performance, and whether the predictive power of variability varies between younger and older adults.Methods:To investigate the relationship between variability and practice-related improvement, RT mean and variability data are used, obtained from an experiment in which younger and older adults performed two tasks in single-task and dual-task conditions across seven practice sessions. These RT and variability data were related to the single-task and dual-task practice benefits. These benefits were computed as follows: dual-task/single-task RTs at the beginning of practice minus dual-task/single-task RTs at the end of practice.Results:In both age groups, dual-task processing was speeded up with practice and variability associated with the means was reduced. Most important, independent of mean RTs, variability allowed predicting dual-task practice benefit in both age groups under specific conditions.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the relationship between performance variability and executive control functions under some specific conditions. Implications of these results for models of practiced dual tasks are discussed.
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学习绕过核心瓶颈：随着年龄的增长，自动化程度下降。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
F. Maquestiaux;Maude Laguë;E. Ruthruff;A. Hartley;L. Bherer
通讯作者：
L. Bherer
整个生命周期中联想和组织可塑性的神经调节：经验证据和神经计算模型
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Shu;Yvonne Brehmer;Y. Shing;M. Werkle;U. Lindenberger
通讯作者：
U. Lindenberger
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.22.2.461
发表时间：
1996-04
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Daniel H. Spieler;D. Balota;M. Faust
通讯作者：
Daniel H. Spieler;D. Balota;M. Faust
注意力障碍并不是与年龄相关的减慢的原因。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/48.6.p263
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Journal of gerontology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Salthouse,TA
通讯作者：
Salthouse,TA
重叠任务性能存在多个瓶颈。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.965
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
DeJong,R
通讯作者：
DeJong,R