Absolute versus relative socioeconomic disadvantage and homicide: a spatial ecological case-control study of US zip codes.
Absolute versus relative socioeconomic disadvantage and homicide: a spatial ecological case-control study of US zip codes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40621-022-00371-z
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发表时间：
2022-02-25
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Morrison CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gobaud AN;Mehranbod CA;Dong B;Dodington J;Morrison CN
在美国，凶杀是死亡的主要原因，并导致健康差距。这一负担极大地影响了来自种族和少数民族人口的人，因为凶杀案更经常发生在种族和少数民族居民比例高的社区。研究表明，环境因素导致了社区之间凶杀率的变化;然而，目前尚不清楚为什么一些种族和少数民族居民高度集中的社区凶杀率高，而人口组成相似的社区则没有。这项研究的目的是评估相对社会经济劣势，（即，收入不平等）或绝对社会经济劣势（即，收入）在邮政编码和州一级测量，与美国邮政编码的高凶杀率相关，与种族和民族构成无关。这项生态病例对照研究比较了2017年样本中凶杀率最高的250个邮政编码（病例）的家庭收入中位数和收入不平等，以及2017年没有发生任何凶杀死亡的250个邮政编码（对照）。根据人口统计学组成，病例与对照组1：1匹配。变量在邮政编码和州一级进行了测量。邮政编码一级较低的家庭收入中位数对凶杀率的贡献最大。然而，在控制邮政编码和州一级因素时，州一级的收入不平等也很重要。以地区为基础的干预措施，改善邮政编码的社会经济劣势的绝对措施，可能会减少杀人率的差距。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s40621-022-00371-z获得。
Homicide is a major cause of death and contributes to health disparities in the United States. This burden overwhelmingly affects people from racial and ethnic minority populations as homicide occurs more often in neighborhoods with high proportions of racial and ethnic minority residents. Research has identified that environmental factors contribute to variation in homicide rates between neighborhoods; however, it is not clear why some neighborhoods with high concentrations of racial and ethnic minority residents have high homicide rates while neighborhoods with similar demographic compositions do not. The aim of this study was to assess whether relative socioeconomic disadvantage, (i.e., income inequality), or absolute socioeconomic disadvantage (i.e., income) measured at the ZIP code- and state-levels, is associated with high homicide rates in US ZIP codes, independent of racial and ethnic composition. This ecological case–control study compared median household income and income inequality in 250 ZIP codes with the highest homicide rate in our sample in 2017 (cases) to 250 ZIP codes that did not experience any homicide deaths in 2017 (controls). Cases were matched to controls 1:1 based on demographic composition. Variables were measured at both the ZIP code- and state-levels. Lower median household income at the ZIP code-level contributed most substantially to the homicide rate. Income inequality at the state-level, however, was additionally significant when controlling for both ZIP code- and state-level factors. Area-based interventions that improve absolute measures of ZIP code socioeconomic disadvantage may reduce gaps in homicide rates. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40621-022-00371-z.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Chamberlain, Alyssa W.;Hipp, John R.
通讯作者：
Hipp, John R.
DOI：
10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00296.x
发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Margolin, G;Gordis, EB
通讯作者：
Gordis, EB
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bellair, Paul E.;Browning, Christopher R.
通讯作者：
Browning, Christopher R.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Jarjoura, GR;Triplett, R
通讯作者：
Triplett, R
影响因子：
--
作者：
Danese, Andrea;Moffitt, Terrie E.;Harrington, HonaLee;Milne, Barry J.;Polanczyk, Guilherme;Pariante, Carmine M.;Poulton, Richie;Caspi, Avshalom
通讯作者：
Caspi, Avshalom