Type III restriction-modification enzymes: a historical perspective.

Type III restriction-modification enzymes: a historical perspective.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkt616
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Bheemanaik S
Bheemanaik S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rao DN;Dryden DT;Bheemanaik S

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限制性核酸内切酶在特定位点与 DNA 相互作用,导致 DNA 裂解。通过使用 DNA 甲基转移酶修饰 DNA,可以保护细菌 DNA 免受限制性内切酶切割。根据其分子结构、序列识别、切割位置和辅因子要求,限制性修饰(R-M)系统分为四类。 III 型 R–M 酶需要以反向重复的头对头方向与两个独立的未甲基化 DNA 序列相互作用,以便在指定位置(识别位点之一下游 25–27 bp)发生有效切割。与 I 型 R-M 酶一样,III 型 R-M 酶具有用于 DNA 切割的序列特异性 ATP 酶活性。裂解前位点之间的长距离通讯需要 ATP 水解。基于 1D 扩散和/或 3D-DNA 循环的不同模型可以解释两个识别位点之间如何发生长距离相互作用。 III 型 R-M 系统存在于大多数已测序的细菌中。许多病原细菌的基因组测序还显示存在许多相变的 III 型 R-M 系统,这些系统在毒力中发挥作用。越来越多的此类酶正在接受生化和遗传学研究,这些研究与正在进行的结构分析相结合,有望为 DNA 识别和催化机制提供详细信息。
Restriction endonucleases interact with DNA at specific sites leading to cleavage of DNA. Bacterial DNA is protected from restriction endonuclease cleavage by modifying the DNA using a DNA methyltransferase. Based on their molecular structure, sequence recognition, cleavage position and cofactor requirements, restriction–modification (R–M) systems are classified into four groups. Type III R–M enzymes need to interact with two separate unmethylated DNA sequences in inversely repeated head-to-head orientations for efficient cleavage to occur at a defined location (25–27 bp downstream of one of the recognition sites). Like the Type I R–M enzymes, Type III R–M enzymes possess a sequence-specific ATPase activity for DNA cleavage. ATP hydrolysis is required for the long-distance communication between the sites before cleavage. Different models, based on 1D diffusion and/or 3D-DNA looping, exist to explain how the long-distance interaction between the two recognition sites takes place. Type III R–M systems are found in most sequenced bacteria. Genome sequencing of many pathogenic bacteria also shows the presence of a number of phase-variable Type III R–M systems, which play a role in virulence. A growing number of these enzymes are being subjected to biochemical and genetic studies, which, when combined with ongoing structural analyses, promise to provide details for mechanisms of DNA recognition and catalysis.
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发表时间: 1962-01-01
影响因子: 5.6
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DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90372-3
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